The dynamics of a composite consisting of the nonlinear multilayer beam structure, interacting through elastic intermediate layers, under mobile point loading is investigated. This study finds a direct application in transport engineering technologies, more precisely in railways, where the moving point load is the train, and the multilayer beam, the rails interacting with the ballast, the foundation and base layers. From the Lagrange formulations, the system of damping partial differential equations of the model is found, and by considering the non-dissipative case with weak nonlinearity and constant charge they are used to find the eigen modes and the natural vibration frequencies of the system. Then the dissipative case with nonlinearity is studied, with a particular attention carried on the temporal part, which is reduced to a system of coupled nonlinear differential equations, where the first line is forced. This system of equation is used to determine the equilibrium points, after which they are subsequently solved analytically through the multiple time scale method for harmonic resonance case, showing the formation of hysteresis more and more complex as the number of cells increases. The coupled nonlinear equations of the system is next solved numerically, with the transition of the system towards chaos analyzed through the bifurcation diagram and the maximum Lyapunov exponent, which show strong sensitivity to the coupling parameter λ₂ as well as the system frequency. The results show for N = 2 and for some parameters the periodic behavior and the crisis for ω = 0.5. When the frequency is low; that is ω = 0.05 the chaotic band is considerably reduced, chaos appearing around the nonlinearity parameter γ₂ = 0.5 and also for γ₂ > 0.85. The time trace shows chaotic pulses and bursting type behavior, for some choices of the coupling parameter. The synchronization curves are also plotted and it is shown that q₂ doesn’t synchronizes with q₁ for some frequencies, while for others parameters, they synchronize, but fairly. For N = 3, the dynamics is more complex and the time traces plots show regular impulse for ω = 0.5 and bursting for weak frequency, ω = 0.05.

In this research paper, a spectral method is used for numerically solving the time-fractional diffusion equation as the time fractional diffusion equations are a powerful tool for simulating physical systems. We employ the Lucas polynomials (LPs) with Petrov-Galerkin for the linear combination basis. The main idea of the proposed technique is to convert the governed boundary-value problem into a system of linear algebraic equations by applying the Petrov-Galerkin method. Many procedures can solve the resulting linear system. The method’s accuracy is shown through several examples.

Characterization of posinormal operators in terms of their positivity, invertibility and numerical ranges has been done. However, characterization of these operators with regards to their closed ranges remains interesting. In this work, we characterize conditions for posinormal operators to have closed ranges. In particular, we establish an important upper norm bound criterion for posinormal operators. We show that if Q, R are normal operators in PN (H), the set of all posinormal operators acting on a Hilbert space H and suppose that the range of Q is closed with the null space of Q equal to the null space of R, then the range of R is closed. The results of this study are very useful applications in many areas, like image and signal processing. In particular, they are useful in processing signals and images used in facial recognition which are important in the identification of people in places like the airports, thus helping in enhancing security and forensic analysis.

This paper examines the supply chain resilience of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC) using a Bayesian network (BN) model developed from the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework. This hybrid model allows for an integrated analysis of various key performance indicators (KPIs) across TSMC’s supply chain, providing a comprehensive view of its resilience. By simulating multiple disruption scenarios, the study captures the dynamic interactions and cascading effects of disruptions, such as inventory shortages, transportation delays, and labor cost fluctuations. This approach offers a quantitative analysis of TSMC’s resilience under varied scenarios, revealing critical strengths, such as flexibility in resource allocation, as well as vulnerabilities, particularly in response to high-impact events like geopolitical tensions and natural disasters. Insights from this model highlight the areas where strategic improvements can further strengthen resilience. Overall, the research demonstrates the applicability of Bayesian networks as a powerful tool for resilience assessment, not only in TSMC’s context but also as a scalable solution for other high-complexity, high-dependency supply chains within the semiconductor industry. This study contributes valuable knowledge to the broader field of supply chain resilience and advances the methodologies available for industry practitioners and researchers alike.

Soft sets provide a strong mathematical foundation for managing uncertainty and inventing solutions to parametric data problems. Soft set operations are fundamental elements within soft set theory. In this paper, we introduce a new product operation for soft sets, called the “soft lambda-product,” and thoroughly examine its algebraic properties in relation to various types of soft equalities and subsets. By studying the distribution of the soft lambda-product over different soft set operations, we further investigate its relationship with other soft set operations. We conclude with an example demonstrating the method’s effectiveness across various applications, employing the int-uni operator and int-uni decision function within the soft lambda-product for the int-uni decision-making method, which identifies an optimal set of elements from available options. This work significantly contributes to the soft set literature, as the theoretical foundations of soft computing methods rely on solid mathematical principles.

This note delves into the convergence analysis of several iterative methods and elucidates their behaviors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the findings presented in “A new three-step fixed point iteration scheme with strong convergence and applications” are not entirely novel. In particular, some of the results either overlap with or restate previously established methods without introducing significant innovations.