Why the big bang never happened
Vol 2, Issue 2, 2024
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Abstract
If general relativity is correct, then the origin of the universe is a simple mathematical problem. The Friedmann equation in cosmology is a well-structured ordinary differential equation, and the global properties of its solutions can be qualitatively analyzed by the phase-trajectory method. In this paper we show that the total energy density of matter in the universe is positive, and the total pressure near the Big Bang is negative. By analyzing the global properties of the solutions to the Friedmann equation according to these two conditions of state functions, we find that the Big Bang is impossible, and the space must be a closed 3-dimensional sphere, the cosmological constant is likely to be zero, and the evolution of the universe should be cyclic. The analysis and the proof are simple and straight forward, therefore these conclusions should be reliable.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2024 Yingqiu Gu
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Youssri Hassan Youssri
Cairo University, Egypt
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