Abstract Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment, which is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature death. Pollution causes more than 11 million premature deaths. That’s several times more deaths than from AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. Pollution can be divided into a lot of types according to different criteria.

Abstract While petroleum resources provide a steady stream of power for economic and social development, they also result in a large area of oil and petrochemical contaminated sites, causing increasingly serious pollution to the environment of the sites. Bioremediation technology has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of being green, environment-friendly, and secondary-pollution-free. This review mainly summarizes the current status and progress of research on bioremediation technology based on microbes and phytoremediation of petroleum and petrochemical contaminated sites, and analyzes limitations of bioremediation technology and prospects for future research focus, aiming to improve the development of bioremediation for petroleum and petrochemical contaminated sites, and provide a scientific basis for the development of bioremediation technology and its all-round applications.

Abstract Gas pollution is a common phenomenon in natural life. Aiming at the low efficiency of simulating smoke diffusion based on physical model and the poor effect of drawing gas pollution based on empirical model, a hybrid model method is proposed to draw the dynamic gas pollution caused by smoke diffusion. Firstly, the semi Lagrangian method is used to model the smoke, and the k-d tree is introduced to improve the computational efficiency; secondly, to solve the problem of insufficient details in smoke simulation, the fluctuating wind field based on linear filter method is introduced into the external force term to optimize the trajectory of smoke particles; the bidirectional shot function combined with the real smoke texture is selected for rendering to avoid the problem of obvious particle sense and significantly improve the smoke diffusion details; then, the optimized Gaussian plume model is introduced to establish the relationship between the physical model and the empirical model, and the pollution attenuation formula and the optimized Perlin noise are used to improve the lack of details of global gas pollution and increase the realism of gas pollution changes; by improving the time axis algorithm, the problem of fixed gas pollution color is solved, and the dynamic gradual gas pollution is obtained. Finally, several groups of analysis and comparison experiments are designed. The results show that this method can draw a realistic dynamic gas pollution scene in real-time.

Abstract  How to improve capability in preventing regional agricultural non-point source pollution, how to reduce the damage on agricultural environment caused by too fast economic growth and how to further improve agricultural production environment have became urgent issues. In this paper, the output coefficient method is used to estimate the discharge of agricultural non-point source pollution load in Xinjiang and its EKC characteristics are further analyzed, based on Kuznets Curve, so as to do empirical research on relationship between husbandry, planting, rural living and ecomonic growth. The results show that: (1) The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinjiang are from big to small respectively: animal husbandry> planting industry> rural life; the non-point source pollution of animal husbandry mainly comes from cattle and sheep, the non-point source pollution of planting industry mainly comes from wheat, corn and cotton, and the non-point source pollution of rural life mainly comes from the growing rural population; (2)The relationship between agricultural non-point source pollution and economic growth in Xinjiang is not only an inverted“U”type, but also an inverted“N”type,“U”type and linear type.

Abstract Objective -to determine the relationship between the noise level of major road intersections and the number of vehicles traveling over them. Method - a non-invasive electronic vehicle sound level meter was used for one-week periods; noise level assessment at daily intervals during the entire week, using type I integrating sound level meters. Results - the annual average daily traffic of 2739 units was identified; estimated noise level of 77.6 dB for 12-hour periods; maximum levels of 98.5 dB and 58.3 dB as minimum noise level. Limitations - the development of the field work in a period of less than one year. Main findings - the noise level in the city exceeds the reference of 65 decibels, mentioned by the World Health Organization, which leads to the conclusion that the city has noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.

Abstract Human fecal contamination in water constitutes an important public health risk, however, the indicator microorganisms commonly used to detect fecal contamination do not identify its specific source. The detection of certain species of the genus Bifidobacterium such as B. adolescentis and B. dentium has been proposed as an effective marker of human fecal contamination, but this has not been evaluated in tropical environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to determine the profile of bifidobacteria in a water sample from the Mesolandia swamp in the Colombian Caribbean and in 260 human and 94 domestic animal fecal samples from a human settlement peripheral to the swamp. The DNA extracted from each of the samples was amplified by PCR using gender-specific primers based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and separated by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis). The bands obtained in DGGE, were extracted from the gel, re-amplified, sequenced and the sequences compared with the GenBank database. Bifidobacterial profiling in DGGE showed the presence of eight species of Bifidobacteria in the water sample, which were also identified in human feces. B. adolescentis and B. dentium proposed as markers of human fecal contamination were also found in domestic animals. In this study, under the environmental and experimental conditions evaluated, it was not possible to find a specific Bifidobacteria species to be used as a marker of human fecal contamination in tropical environments. However, the applied method allowed a closer approximation to the origin of fecal contamination in relation to traditional cultural methods, since it was possible to find identical DNA sequences in water and fecal samples.