Bifid bacteria as indicators of fecal pollution in tropical waters
Vol 1, Issue 1, 2020
VIEWS - 34 (Abstract)
Abstract
Human fecal contamination in water constitutes an important public health risk, however, the indicator microorganisms commonly used to detect fecal contamination do not identify its specific source. The detection of certain species of the genus Bifidobacterium such as B. adolescentis and B. dentium has been proposed as an effective marker of human fecal contamination, but this has not been evaluated in tropical environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to determine the profile of bifidobacteria in a water sample from the Mesolandia swamp in the Colombian Caribbean and in 260 human and 94 domestic animal fecal samples from a human settlement peripheral to the swamp. The DNA extracted from each of the samples was amplified by PCR using gender-specific primers based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and separated by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis). The bands obtained in DGGE, were extracted from the gel, re-amplified, sequenced and the sequences compared with the GenBank database. Bifidobacterial profiling in DGGE showed the presence of eight species of Bifidobacteria in the water sample, which were also identified in human feces. B. adolescentis and B. dentium proposed as markers of human fecal contamination were also found in domestic animals. In this study, under the environmental and experimental conditions evaluated, it was not possible to find a specific Bifidobacteria species to be used as a marker of human fecal contamination in tropical environments. However, the applied method allowed a closer approximation to the origin of fecal contamination in relation to traditional cultural methods, since it was possible to find identical DNA sequences in water and fecal samples.
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