This study aimed to determine the perceived effects of climate change on the livelihoods of farming communities in the semi-arid regions of southwestern Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach was used to investigate smallholder farmers’ views and experiences regarding climate change and its impacts in two wards in the Tsholotsho district, Matabeleland North province, Zimbabwe. The primary data collection methods were key informant interviews and focus-group discussions. Participants were selected using purposive sampling from established farmer groups in the study area. Most focus group discussion participants agreed that they were aware of and experienced climate-related risks in their community. They observed climate variability, particularly in the occurrence of extreme events, such as drought and insufficient rainfall, including mid-season dry spells. The 2023/2024 season was marked by very low rainfall, mid-season dry spells, and challenges to crop sustainability. Smallholder farmers in the study area indicated that they were experiencing crop failure, livestock mortality, and reduced crop yields, all of which contribute to declining agricultural productivity. In response to drought, smallholder farmers primarily employed coping strategies, such as land management through Pfumvudza, a conservation land management coping strategy; crop diversification; the use of drought-tolerant crops that are early maturing; and seeking alternative non-farming income sources.

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