Climate change adaptation policies and institutional arrangement: Agriculture and fishery sector in India
Vol 5, Issue 2, 2024
VIEWS - 4278 (Abstract)
Download PDF
Abstract
India’s agriculture and fishing sectors confront significant challenges due to climate change because of its distinctive geographical location and predominantly agrarian economy, highlighting the urgent need for institutional frameworks and effective adaptation strategies. This study delves into the current state of institutional structures and policies aimed at climate change adaptation within these key sectors in India. Through an exhaustive analysis of literature, official reports, and policy documents, the research evaluates the policies and interventions implemented to mitigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture and fisheries. Several policies are in place to facilitate the planning, establishment, and implementation of adaptation programs at the national and regional scales in the country. However, given India’s broad geographical size and varied socio-cultural settings, the adaptation requirements of diverse sectors and susceptible populations are still not sufficiently recognized and addressed. Key areas under scrutiny include crop diversification, water management techniques, technological advancements, and community-based adaptation approaches. Furthermore, the study evaluates the effectiveness of existing institutional arrangements, including governmental bodies, academic institutions, and community organizations, in fostering climate resilience across different domains. By synthesizing insights from diverse sources, this research aims to offer valuable perspectives on the institutional dynamics and policy landscape shaping climate change adaptation efforts in India’s agriculture and fisheries sectors to build resilience and sustainability. This research paper highlights some of the evolving as well as existing adaptation requirements and suggests how new research, policy, and practice engagements could meet these requirements.
Keywords
References
1. The World Bank In India. India At-A-Glance. Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/overview (accessed on 11 December 2023).
2. Badjeck MC, Allison EH, Halls AS, et al. Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods. Marine Policy. 2010; 34(3): 375–383. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2009.08.007
3. Vanhove W, Van Damme P. Climate Change and Food Security-A Dynamic Perspective: KLIMOS working paper 2. Leuven, Belgium; 2011.
4. FAO. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Available online: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/state-world-fisheries-and-aquaculture-2016?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIn9SxoYPGhQMV588WBR0Rsgl5EAAYASAAEgIYhfD_BwE (accessed on 8 January 2024).
5. Daw T, Adger N, Brown K, et al. Climate change and capture fisheries: potential impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. In Cochrane K, De Young C, Soto D, Bahri T (editors). Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. 2009; 530: 107–150.
6. Smithers J, Smit B. Human adaptation to climatic variability and change. Global Environmental Change. 1997; 7(2): 129-146. doi: 10.1016/S0959-3780(97)00003-4
7. Wilbanks TJ, Kates RW. Global change in local places: how scale matters. Climatic change. 1999; 43(3): 601–628. doi: 10.1023/A:1005418924748
8. Watson RT, Zinyowera MC, Moss RH. Impacts, adaptations, and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses; report of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of IPCC. Cambridge University Press; 1996.
9. Stelvia M, Viardot E, Sovacool BK, et al. Innovation and climate change: a review and introduction to the special issue. Technovation. 2022; 117: 102612. doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102612
10. Berkes F, Jolly D. Adapting to Climate Change: Social-Ecological Resilience in a Canadian Western Arctic Community. Conservation Ecology. 2002; 5(2). doi: 10.5751/es-00342-050218
11. EPW Editorial 2008. Climate change: not vision, not plan. Econ Polit Wkly. 2008; 43(28): 5–6.
12. Parthasarathy D, Shethia Y, Narayan NC. Cross-scale institutional linkages in climate change responses: an Indian perspectives. In: Venkataraman C, Mishra T, Ghosh S, Karmakar S (editors). Climate change signals and response. A strategic knowledge compendium for India. Springer, Singapore; 2019. 255-271.
13. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF). Government of India; 2009.
14. Michener WK, Blood ER, Bildstein KL, et al. Climate change, hurricanes and tropical storms, and rising sea levels in coastal wetlands. Ecological Applications. 1997; 7(3), 770–801. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0770:CCHATS]2.0.CO;2
15. Cheung WWL, Lam VWY, Sarmiento JL, et al. Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios. Fish and Fisheries. 2009; 10(3): 235–251. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00315.x
16. Brander K. Impacts of climate change on fisheries. Journal of Marine Systems. 2010; 79(3–4): 389–402. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.015
17. Drinkwater KF, Beaugrand G, Kaeriyama M, et al. On the processes linking climate to ecosystem changes. Journal of Marine Systems. 2010; 79(3–4): 374–388. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.014
18. Ellis JI, Jamil T, Anlauf H, et al. Multiple stressor effects on coral reef ecosystems. Global Change Biology. 2019; 25(12): 4131–4146. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14819
19. Coulthard S. Adapting to environmental change in artisanal fisheries—Insights from a South Indian Lagoon. Global Environmental Change. 2008; 18(3): 479–489. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.04.003
20. Iwasaki S, Razafindrabe BHN, Shaw R. Fishery livelihoods and adaptation to climate change: a case study of Chilika lagoon, India. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 2009; 14(4): 339–355. doi: 10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8
21. Barange M, Perry RI. Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture. In: Cochrane K, Young CD, Soto D, Bahri T (editors). Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Ppaer, No., 530. Rome, FAO; 2009. pp. 7-106.
22. Dubash N. Handbook of Climate Change and India. Routledge; 2012. doi: 10.4324/9780203153284
23. Dubash NK. The politics of climate change in India: narratives of equity and cobenefits. WIREs Climate Change. 2013; 4(3): 191–201. doi: 10.1002/wcc.210
24. Dubash NK, Jogesh A. From Margins to Mainstream? State Climate Change Planning in India as a “Door Opener” to a Sustainable Future. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2014. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2474518
25. Dubash NK, Joseph NB. Evolution of Institutions for Climate Policy in India. Economic and Political Weekly. 2016; 51(3): 44–54.
26. Agarwal A, Perrin N, Chhatre A, et al. Climate policy processes, local institutions, and adaptation actions: mechanisms of translation and influence. WIREs Climate Change. 2012; 3(6): 565–579. doi: 10.1002/wcc.193
27. Holling CS. Regional Responses to Global Change. Conservation Ecology. 1997; 1(2). doi: 10.5751/es-00023-010203
28. Ministry of Environment and Forests. National Action Plan for Climate Change. Government of India; 2014.
29. McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, et al. Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2001. p. 2.
30. Füssel HM. Adaptation planning for climate change: concepts, assessment approaches, and key lessons. Sustainability Science. 2007; 2(2): 265–275. doi: 10.1007/s11625-007-0032-y
31. van Aalst MK, Cannon T, Burton I. Community level adaptation to climate change: The potential role of participatory community risk assessment. Global Environmental Change. 2008; 18(1): 165-179. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.06.002
32. Larsen RK, Swartling ÅG, Powell N, et al. A framework for facilitating dialogue between policy planners and local climate change adaptation professionals: Cases from Sweden, Canada and Indonesia. Environmental Science & Policy. 2012; 23: 12–23. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.014
33. Abdul-Razak M, Kruse S. The adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers to climate change in the Northern Region of Ghana. Climate Risk Management. 2017; 17: 104–122. doi: 10.1016/j.crm.2017.06.001
34. Alam E, Hridoy AEE, Tusher SMdSH, et al. Climate change in Bangladesh: Temperature and rainfall climatology of Bangladesh for 1949–2013 and its implication on rice yield. PLoS ONE. 2023; 18(10): e0292668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292668
35. Conway D, Mustelin J. Strategies for improving adaptation practice in developing countries. Nature Climate Change. 2014; 4(5): 339–342. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2199
36. Meinzen-Dick R, Markelova H, Moore K. The role of collective action and property rights in climate change strategies. Available online: https://hdl.handle.net/10535/6234 (accessed on 2 January 2024).
37. Shanker D, Vinayachandran PW, Unnikrishnan AS. The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. 2002; 52(1): 63–120. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00024-1
38. Wu R, Chen J, Chen W. Different Types of ENSO Influences on the Indian Summer Monsoon Variability. Journal of Climate. 2012; 25(3): 903-920. doi: 10.1175/jcli-d-11-00039.1
39. Singh J. El Nino may lead to rainfall deficit and drought in 2014. Aavailable online: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/el-nino-may-lead-to-rainfall-deficit-drought-in-2014-44071 (accessed on 11 December 2023).
40. Singh D, Tsiang M, Rajaratnam B, et al. Observed changes in extreme wet and dry spells during the South Asian summer monsoon season. Nature Climate Change. 2014; 4(6): 456–461. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2208
41. Cruz RV, Harasawa H, Lal M, et al. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. In: Parry ML (editors). Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2007. pp. 469–506.
42. NICRA. National innovations in climate resilient agriculture-Research highlights. ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture; 2018.
43. Key N, Sneeringer, S. Greater Heat Stress from climate change could lower dairy productivity. Amber Waves: The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America. 2014; 10: 1–1.
44. Cartwright SL, Schmied J, Karrow N, et al. Impact of heat stress on dairy cattle and selection strategies for thermotolerance: a review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023; 10. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198697
45. USEPA. Climate impacts on agriculture and food supply. United States Environmental Protection Agency; 2017.
46. Itsukushima R. Effects of climate change-induced water temperature changes on the distribution of tidal river fish fauna in the Japanese archipelago. Regional Environmental Change. 2023; 23(3). doi: 10.1007/s10113-023-02098-z
47. Johnson MF, Albertson LK, Algar AC, et al. Rising water temperature in rivers: Ecological impacts and future resilience. WIREs Water. 2024. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1724
48. Eckstein D, Künzel V, Schäfer L. The Global Climate Risk Index 2021. Bonn: Germanwatch; 2021.
49. Maplecroft V. Climate change and environmental risk atlas 2015. Available online: https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/climate-change-and-environmental-risk-atlas-2015 (accessed on 2 January 2024).
50. Chen C, Noble I, Hellmann J, et al. University of Notre Dame global adaptation index country index technical report. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318431802_University_of_Notre_Dame_Global_Adaptation_Index_Country_Index_Technical_Report (accessed on 2 December 2023).
51. Burck J, Uhlich T, Bals C, et al. Climate Change Performance Index 2024: Background and Methodology. Bonn: Germanwatch; 2023.
52. The Economist 2015. The South Asia women’s resilience index: examining the role of women in preparing for and recovering from disasters. Available online: http://www.preventionweb.net (accessed on 2 January 2024).
53. OCHA. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Palais des Nations, 8-14 Avenues de la Paix, CH-1211, Geneva. 2015.
54. Ministry of Agriculture 2007, Government of India. National Agroforestry Policy. Ministry of Agriculture 2007, Government of India; 2007.
55. Ministry of Agriculture 2014. National Agroforestry Policy. Available online: http://agricoop.nic.in/imagedefault/Agroforestry.pdf (accessed on 2 January 2024).
56. Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, et al. Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, et al. (editors). Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press; 2007. pp. 315–356.
57. Ellison AM. Managing mangroves with benthic biodiversity in mind: Moving beyond roving banditry. Journal of Sea Research. 2008; 59(1–2): 2–15. doi: 10.1016/j.seares.2007.05.003
58. Tiseo I. Emissions in India—Statistics & Facts [Infographic]. Aavailable online: https://www.statista.com/topics/8881/emissions-in-india/ (accessed on 2 January 2024).
59. Naswa P, Garg A. Managing climate-induced risks on Indian infrastructure assets. Current Science. 2011; 395–404.
60. Patra J. Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action in India. Available online: https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/idl-55866-india.pdf (accessed on 2 January 2024).
61. Denton F, Wilbanks TJ, Abeysinghe AC, et al. Climate-resilient pathways: adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press; 2014. pp. 1101–1131.
62. Pathak S, Jain, N, Bhatia A. Crop Residues Management with Conservation Agriculture: Potential Constraints and Policy Needs. Indian Agricultural Research Institute; 2012.
63. Paroda RS, Joshi PK. Sustainable development goals: role of agriculture. In: Chaturvedi S, James T, Saha S, Shaw P (editors). 2030 Agenda and India: Moving from Quantity to Quality. Springer; 2019. pp. 17-40. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9091-4_2
64. Khatri-Chhetri A, Poudel B, Shirsath PB, et al. Assessment of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) options in Nepal. Available online: https://www.climatenepal.org.np/sites/default/files/doc_resources/Assessment-of-CSA-in-Nepal%202017.pdf (accessed on 2 January 2024).
65. Shirsath PB, Aggarwal PK, Thornton PK, et al. Prioritizing climate-smart agricultural land use options at a regional scale. Agricultural Systems. 2017; 151: 174–183. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.09.018
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Suresh Chand Rai, Prem Sagar Chapagain, Shobha Shrestha, Linshan Liu, Basanta Paudel, Yili Zhang, Jianzhong Yan, Md. Nurul Islam
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Prof. Zhengjun Qiu
Zhejiang University, China
Cheng Sun
Academician of World Academy of Productivity Science; Executive Chairman, World Confederation of Productivity Science China Chapter, China
Processing Speed
-
-
-
- ＜5 days from submission to initial review decision;
- 64% acceptance rate
-
-
Modern agricultural technology is evolving rapidly, with scientists collaborating with leading agricultural enterprises to develop intelligent management practices. These practices utilize advanced systems that provide tailored fertilization and treatment options for large-scale land management.
This journal values human initiative and intelligence, and the employment of AI technologies to write papers that replace the human mind is expressly prohibited. When there is a suspicious submission that uses AI tools to quickly piece together and generate research results, the editorial board of the journal will reject the article, and all journals under the publisher's umbrella will prohibit all authors from submitting their articles.
Readers and authors are asked to exercise caution and strictly adhere to the journal's policy regarding the usage of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) tools.
Asia Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd. (APACSCI) specializes in international journal publishing. APACSCI adopts the open access publishing model and provides an important communication bridge for academic groups whose interest fields include engineering, technology, medicine, computer, mathematics, agriculture and forestry, and environment.
