Open Journal Systems

Embracing smart irrigation management techniques empowers growers to irrigate with greater efficiency, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural production. In this context, growers often rely on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as a key factor in making informed irrigation decisions, underscoring the significance of accurately determining and spatially mapping crop water status. Technological progress, exemplified by the emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has brought about a revolutionary shift in agricultural monitoring. UAV platforms can capture high-resolution images with centimeter-level spatial accuracy and offer higher temporal coverage compared to satellite imagery. Considering these advancements, this study introduces a robust method for classifying water stress in cotton using a compact UAV platform and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The experiment was conducted at the USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory (CSRL) in Lubbock, Texas, where the cotton field was divided into 12 drip zones. The study included three replications to evaluate four irrigation treatments: “rainfed”, “full irrigation”, “percent deficit of full irrigation”, and “time delay of full irrigation”. The results demonstrated that the CNN model successfully classified the cotton water stress using the UAV-based RGB image, achieving an overall best prediction accuracy of approximately 91%. By segmenting the original cotton images into separate canopy and soil areas using morphological image processing methods, the authors also isolated and analyzed the individual contributions of these components to cotton water stress. Additionally, a random forest classifier revealed the relative importance of different image features in the classification process through feature importance analysis. These findings highlighted the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed system in cotton water stress classification and provided valuable insights into the key image features contributing to accurate classification. The authors concluded that integrating UAV-based RGB imagery and CNN models had great potential for assessing water stress in cotton.

A new approach to measure spatial variability of soil parameters and field technique to test-value specific fertilizer

Information on the distribution of soil properties is important to know the status of nutrients in the soils based on which fertilizer nutrients are recommended. Given the variability of nutrients in the soils, making a site-specific fertilizer recommendation seems to be a compelling work. To determine the spatial variability of soil nutrients and to make judicious and precise fertilizer recommendations, new measures are designed with this study. These measures are tested against the soil samples (n = 43) for total nitrogen (N), organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) in the study area. The descriptive statistical analysis indicated an average of low nitrogen and organic matter, while phosphorus was found to be very high and the level of potassium was high. The spread of nutrients across the data sets, however, included low, medium, high, and very high levels of ratings. The Deviation Square Index was developed and applied for the variability measurement and found that the largest variation was with phosphorus distribution, followed by potassium, nitrogen, and organic matter. The coefficient of variation (CV%) analysis also exhibited similar trends in nutrient distributions. Nitrogen was the main determinant explaining the variations in rice yield, while phosphorus and potash were negatively related to the yield. An index of fertilizer nutrient recommendation called Test-Value Specific Dose (TVSD) was developed and used to calculate the nutrient recommendation for each sampled location. This new method gave easy and more accurate doses of fertilizer over the blanket recommendation to fit the variations across the soil samples.

Exploring the antifungal potential of Allium sativum and Ocimum gratissimum against post-harvest fungal pathogens in mango fruits

Okon Godwin Okon, Uwaidem Yakubu Ismaila, Ukponobong Efiong Antia, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Hafiz Haider Ali, Abdelhak Rhouma

Article ID: 2363
Vol 4, Issue 2, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/ama.v4i2.2363
VIEWS - 613 (Abstract)

Download PDF

Abstract

Post-harvest spoilage of fruits and vegetables caused by fungal pathogens is a serious challenge to fruit production in many parts of the world. The study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of fungal pathogens associated with post-harvest rot of mango fruits to crude extracts from two edible plants, Allium sativum and Ocimum gratissimum, in the study area. Five different fungal isolates were isolated from diseased mango fruits collected from fruit stores in the study area and identified as Aspergillus spp. (M₁), Rhizopus spp. (M₂), Fusarium spp. (M₃), Penicillium spp. (M₄), Fusarium spp. (M₅), Penicillium spp. (M₆), Aspergillus spp. (M₇), and Colletotrichum spp. (M₈) using radial growth rate and morphological features of the mycelia. A constant concentration of each of the crude extracts was applied to the growth media containing the growing cultures of the fungal isolates. The radial extension of the colonies for each isolate was measured along pre-marked perpendicular axes on the base of the petri dish after 24 h, and this continued for 10–14 days. It was observed that Rhizopus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Colletotrichum spp. had the least growth rate when treated with the extracts.

Keywords

Allium sativum; Ocimum gratissimum; fungal pathogens; mango fruits

References

1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Crops and livestock products. Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (accessed on 30 September 2023).

2. Yadav D, Singh SP. Mango: History origin and distribution. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(6): 1257–1262.

3. Kim H, Castellon-Chicas MJ, Arbizu S, et al. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) polyphenols: Anti-inflammatory intestinal microbial health benefits, and associated mechanisms of actions. Molecules 2021; 26(9): 2732. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092732

4. Gold-Smith F, Fernandez A, Bishop K. Mangiferin and cancer: Mechanisms of action. Nutrients 2016; 8(7): 396. doi: 10.3390/nu8070396

5. Yahia EHM. Postharvest Handling of Mango: Technical Report. Agricultural Technology Utilization and Transfer/RONCO; 1999.

6. Yahaya SM, Mardiyya AY. Review of post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 2019; 13(4): 10192–10200. doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.13.002448

7. Abdulkhair WM, Alghuthaymi MA. Plant pathogens. In: Rigobelo EC (editor). Plant Growth. IntechOpen; 2016. pp. 49–59. doi: 10.5772/65325

8. Ladaniya M. Citrus Fruit: Biology, Technology and Evaluation, 1st ed. Academic Press; 2010. 886p.

9. Fatima N, Batool H, Sultana V, et al. Prevalence of post-harvest rot of vegetables and fruits in Karachi, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 2009; 41(6): 3185–3190.

10. Mailafia S, Olabode HO, Osanupin R. Isolation and identification of fungi associated with spoilt fruits vended in Gwagwalada market, Abuja, Nigeria. Veterinary World 2017; 10(4): 393–397. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.393-397

11. Karunanayake LC, Sinniah GD, Adikaram NK, Abayasekara CL. Alternatives to synthetic fungicides in controlling postharvest anthracnose and stem-end rot in mango. In: Proceedings of the III International Symposium on Postharvest Pathology: Using Science to Increase Food Availability; 7–11 June 2015; Bari, Italy. pp. 453–460. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1144.67

12. Prusky D, Shalom Y, Kobiler I, et al. The level of quiescent infection of Alternaria alternata in mango fruits at harvest determines the postharvest treatment applied for the control of rots during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2002; 25(3): 339–347. doi: 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00169-7

13. Pujari KH, Joshi MS, Shedge MS. Management of postharvest fruit rot of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. In: Golding JB, Heyes JA, Toivonen PMA (editors). XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014), Proceedings of International Symposia on Postharvest Knowledge for the Future and Consumer and Sensory Driven Improvements to Fruits and Nuts; 17–22 August 2014; Brisbane, Australia. International Society for Horticultural Science; 2016. pp. 215–218.

14. Goudarzi A, Samavi S, Amiri Mazraie M, Majidi Z. Fungal pathogens associated with pre‐ and post-harvest fruit rots of mango in southern Iran. Journal of Phytopathology 2021; 169(9): 545–555. doi: 10.1111/jph.13027

15. Chukunda FA, Baraka RE, Azubuike P. Post-harvest diseases of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits in port Harcourt, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Mycology 2020; 12(2): 162–173.

16. Sharma B, Singh BN, Dwivedi P, Rajawat MV. Interference of climate change on plant-microbe interaction: Present and future prospects. Frontiers in Agronomy 2022; 3. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2021.725804

17. Chen J, Shen Y, Chen C, Wan C. Inhibition of key citrus postharvest fungal strains by plant extracts in vitro and in vivo: A review. Plants 2019; 8(2): 26. doi: 10.3390/plants8020026

18. Oyetayo VO, Ogundare AO. Antifungal property of selected Nigerian medicinal plants. In: Razzaghi-Abyaneh M, Rai M (editors). Antifungal Metabolites from Plants. Springer; 2013. pp. 59–77. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38076-1_3

19. Kahramanoğlu İ, Nisar MF, Chen C, et al. Light: An alternative method for physical control of postharvest rotting caused by fungi of citrus fruit. Journal of Food Quality 2020; 2020: 8821346. doi: 10.1155/2020/8821346

20. Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Agi GO, et al. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.). Heliyon 2021; 7(11): e08404. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08404

21. Borisade OA, Awodele SO, Uwaidem YI. Insect pest profile of leaf amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L) and prevention herbivory using oil-based extracts of Alium sativum L, Xylopia aethiopica Dunal and Eucalyptus globolus L. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 2019; 28(6): 1–9. doi: 10.9734/IJPSS/2019/v28i630130

22. Borisade OA, Uwaidem YI, Salami AE. Preliminary report on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sensu lato) from some tomato producing agroecological areas in Southwestern Nigeria and susceptibility of F1-resistant tomato hybrid (F1-Lindo) to infection. Annual Research & Review in Biology 2017; 18(2): 1–9. doi: 10.9734/arrb/2017/34626

23. Choi YW, Hyde KD, Ho WWH. Single spore isolation of fungi. Fungal Diversity 1999; 3: 29–38.

24. Zhang CQ, Liu YH, Wu HM, et al. Baseline sensitivity of Pestalotiopsis microspora, which causes black spot disease on Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis), to pyraclostrobin. Crop Protection 2012; 42: 256–259. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.07.018

25. Ezeonuegbu BA, Abdullahi MD, Whong CMZ, et al. Characterization and phylogeny of fungi isolated from industrial wastewater using multiple genes. Scientific Reports 2022; 12(1): 2094. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05820-9

26. Chala A, Getahun M, Alemayehu S, Tadesse M. Survey of mango anthracnose in southern Ethiopia and in-vitro screening of some essential oils against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. International Journal of Fruit Science 2014; 14(2): 157–173.

27. Afsah‐Hejri L, Jinap S, Hajeb P, et al. A review on mycotoxins in food and feed: Malaysia case study. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2013; 12(6): 629–651. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12029

28. Borisade OA, Oso AA, Falade MJ. Interactions of some registered agrochemicals in Nigerian farming systems with entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria farinose. Ife Journal of Science 2016; 18(4): 949–961. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12029

29. Ladaniya MS. Commercial fresh citrus cultivars and producing countries. In: Citrus Fruit: Biology, Technology and Evaluation. Academic Press; 2008. pp. 13–65.

30. Mnayer D, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Petitcolas E, et al. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of six essentials oils from the Alliaceae family. Molecules 2014; 19(12): 20034–20053. doi: 10.3390/molecules191220034

31. Satyal P, Craft JD, Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. The chemical compositions of the volatile oils of garlic (Allium sativum) and wild garlic (Allium vineale). Foods 2017; 6(8): 63. doi: 10.3390/foods6080063

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

Copyright (c) 2023 Okon Godwin Okon, Uwaidem Yakubu Ismaila, Ukponobong Efiong Antia, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Hafiz Haider Ali, Abdelhak Rhouma

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Zhengjun Qiu

Zhejiang University, China

Honorary Editor-in-Chief

Cheng Sun

Academician of World Academy of Productivity Science; Executive Chairman, World Confederation of Productivity Science China Chapter, China

Processing Speed (2023)

- - - ＜7 days: submission to initial review decision;
  - - 56 days: received to online

News & Announcements

2024-09-11

Smart agriculture is becoming a reality!

Modern agricultural technology is evolving rapidly, with scientists collaborating with leading agricultural enterprises to develop intelligent management practices. These practices utilize advanced systems that provide tailored fertilization and treatment options for large-scale land management.

2024-05-01

Notice on the prohibition of using AI techniques to generate papers!

This journal values human initiative and intelligence, and the employment of AI technologies to write papers that replace the human mind is expressly prohibited. When there is a suspicious submission that uses AI tools to quickly piece together and generate research results, the editorial board of the journal will reject the article, and all journals under the publisher's umbrella will prohibit all authors from submitting their articles.

Readers and authors are asked to exercise caution and strictly adhere to the journal's policy regarding the usage of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) tools.

2024-01-14

We are recruiting Editorial Team Members

Advances in Modern Agriculture (AMA) is looking for members of the Editorial Board.

2023-12-28

Notice on the change of publication frequency

The publication frequency of Advances in Modern Agriculture is Quarterly since 2024, that means the journal will publish 4 issues per year from 2024 onwards.

More Announcements...

Journal Center

Asia Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd. (APACSCI) specializes in international journal publishing. APACSCI adopts the open access publishing model and provides an important communication bridge for academic groups whose interest fields include engineering, technology, medicine, computer, mathematics, agriculture and forestry, and environment.

more

Article Tools

Indexing metadata

How to cite item

Review policy