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The (partial) replacement of synthetic polymers with bioplastics is due to increased production of conventional packaging plastics causing for severe environmental pollution with plastics waste. The bioplastics, however, represent complex mixtures of known and unknown (bio)polymers, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardant, pigments, antioxidants, hydrophobic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), polyethylene, polyesters, glycol, or poly(butylene succinate), and little is known of their chemical safety for both the environment and the human health. Polymerization reactions of bioplastics can produce no intentionally added chemicals to the bulk material, which could be toxic, as well. When polymers are used to food packing, then the latter chemicals could also migrate from the polymer to food. This fact compromises the safety for consumers, as well. The scarce data on chemical safety of bioplastics makes a gap in knowledge of their toxicity to humans and environment. Thus, development of exact analytical protocols for determining chemicals of bioplastics in environmental and food samples as well as packing polymers can only provide warrant for reliable conclusive evidence of their safety for both the human health and the environment. The task is compulsory according to legislation Directives valid to environmental protection, food control, and assessment of the risk to human health. The quantitative and structural determination of analytes is primary research task of analysis of polymers. The methods of mass spectrometry are fruitfully used for these purposes. Methodological development of exact analytical mass spectrometric tools for reliable structural analysis of bioplastics only guarantees their safety, efficacy, and quality to both humans and environment. This study, first, highlights innovative stochastic dynamics equations processing exactly mass spectrometric measurands and, thus, producing exact analyte quantification and 3D molecular and electronic structural analyses. There are determined synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylenglycol), poly(propylene glycol), and polyisoprene as well as biopolymers in bags for foodstuffs made from renewable cellulose and starch, and containing, in total within the 20,416–17,495 chemicals per sample of the composite biopolymers. Advantages of complementary employment in mass spectrometric methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is highlighted. The study utilizes ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data on biodegradable plastics bags for foodstuffs; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics. There is achieved method performance |r| = 0.99981 determining poly(propylene glycol) in bag for foodstuff containing 20,416 species and using stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas. The results highlight their great capability and applicability to the analytical science as well as relevance to both the fundamental research and to the industry.
Survey of microbial contamination levels of direct drinking water from terminal devices in Yantai City
Vol 4, Issue 1, 2023
VIEWS - 3340 (Abstract)
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Abstract
The study aimed to assess the quality and sanitation of direct drinking water from terminal devices collected from various places such as communities, schools, and homes in Yantai City. This research was to support regulations, enhance authorized supervision, and inform consumer choices. 232 samples were randomly gathered in aforementioned places between June to November, 2019. The test of aerobic plate count, Coliforms, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed the standard operating procedure provided by Chinese National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Manual in 2019. Findings showed that 84.05% of the samples had aerobic plate counts as main contamination, with Coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was respectively 3.02% and 7.33%. These results revealed that aerobic plate count was the main contaminant in high-quality drinking water, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main pathogenic bacteria. Overall, 9.48% of the samples exceeded the standard. Family settings had the highest non-compliance rate at 12.68%, followed by schools at 8.97%, and communities at 7.23% by comparing different sources, yet these differences were not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.36, P > 0.05). There was no clear seasonal variation regularity of the detection rate. However, there was clear variation in monthly non-compliance rates. The highest was at 15.00% in November, followed by June at 13.89%, September at 11.76%, October at 6.25%, August at 5.88%, and July at 5.00%. Yet these differences were not statistically significant, either (χ2 = 4.47, P > 0.05). It was notable that some samples exhibited multiple contamination by various indicators. In summary, the study showed widespread contamination of direct drinking water by aerobic plate count, Coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with aerobic plate count being the most prevalent issue.
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Prof. Hongxing Dai
Beijing University of Technology, China
