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The (partial) replacement of synthetic polymers with bioplastics is due to increased production of conventional packaging plastics causing for severe environmental pollution with plastics waste. The bioplastics, however, represent complex mixtures of known and unknown (bio)polymers, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardant, pigments, antioxidants, hydrophobic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), polyethylene, polyesters, glycol, or poly(butylene succinate), and little is known of their chemical safety for both the environment and the human health. Polymerization reactions of bioplastics can produce no intentionally added chemicals to the bulk material, which could be toxic, as well. When polymers are used to food packing, then the latter chemicals could also migrate from the polymer to food. This fact compromises the safety for consumers, as well. The scarce data on chemical safety of bioplastics makes a gap in knowledge of their toxicity to humans and environment. Thus, development of exact analytical protocols for determining chemicals of bioplastics in environmental and food samples as well as packing polymers can only provide warrant for reliable conclusive evidence of their safety for both the human health and the environment. The task is compulsory according to legislation Directives valid to environmental protection, food control, and assessment of the risk to human health. The quantitative and structural determination of analytes is primary research task of analysis of polymers. The methods of mass spectrometry are fruitfully used for these purposes. Methodological development of exact analytical mass spectrometric tools for reliable structural analysis of bioplastics only guarantees their safety, efficacy, and quality to both humans and environment. This study, first, highlights innovative stochastic dynamics equations processing exactly mass spectrometric measurands and, thus, producing exact analyte quantification and 3D molecular and electronic structural analyses. There are determined synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylenglycol), poly(propylene glycol), and polyisoprene as well as biopolymers in bags for foodstuffs made from renewable cellulose and starch, and containing, in total within the 20,416–17,495 chemicals per sample of the composite biopolymers. Advantages of complementary employment in mass spectrometric methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is highlighted. The study utilizes ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data on biodegradable plastics bags for foodstuffs; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics. There is achieved method performance |r| = 0.99981 determining poly(propylene glycol) in bag for foodstuff containing 20,416 species and using stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas. The results highlight their great capability and applicability to the analytical science as well as relevance to both the fundamental research and to the industry.
Assessing water quality in the Godavari River, Nashik: A study on specific gravity and surface tension variations
Vol 6, Issue 2, 2025
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Abstract
The Godavari River flows year-round, being a perennial watercourse, providing a steady water supply. However, rising pollution threatens its water quality. Without regular pollution control, it may face a decline similar to the River Nandini, which vanished in the 1940s along with its surrounding forest. Thus, this study investigated the specific gravity and surface tension of various water samples collected near the Victoria Bridge on the Godavari River to assess the impact of different contaminants. Samples analyzed include pure water, polluted water, saline water, water with detergent, slightly muddy water, and slightly ashy water, which might contain gold particles or gold dust in it. The findings reveal that saline water exhibited the highest specific gravity (1.025 g/cm3), while pure water maintained a specific gravity of 1.000 g/cm3. At point 1, the surface tension ranged from 31 to 42 mN/m. For point 2, it fell between 49 and 55 mN/m. Point 3 showed a range of 49 to 60 mN/m, while at point 4, it varied from 49 to 57 mN/m. Lastly, point 5 exhibited surface tension values between 49 and 56 mN/m at Victoria Bridge. Surface tension measurements ranged from 55 to 70 mN/m at all five points—point 1 through point 5 each displayed values within this consistent interval at Tapovan Bridge and a point near Dasak Bridge. Thus, surface tension measurements indicated that contaminants such as detergents and organic pollutants significantly reduce water’s surface tension, affecting the transport and fate of pollutants. The average suspended particle mass (mg) was found to be about 13.4 (mg). These results emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and remediation efforts to maintain water quality, especially under extreme climatic conditions.
Keywords
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