Abstract
Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, has gained prominence due to its significant contribution to global climate change. Beyond its climate impact, this review recognizes methane’s dual role in influencing local and regional air quality, underscoring its growing concern in the context of contemporary environmental issues. The paper aims to provide an overview of methane sources, geographic distribution, long-term health effects, interactions with other pollutants, and the pivotal role of integrated monitoring systems in effective pollution control strategies. The review delves into the primary sources of methane emissions, including anthropogenic and natural processes. Geographically, it identifies high-risk areas, with substantial emissions concentrated in North America, Europe, and Asia. Prolonged exposure to elevated methane levels in urban and industrial settings is associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological health issues. Furthermore, methane’s interaction with other pollutants leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosols and ground-level ozone, exacerbating air quality challenges. Efficient pollution control hinges on integrating satellite and ground-based data into monitoring systems, ensuring accurate and timely information. Managing methane emissions presents a complex dilemma, impacting both local air quality and global climate. Addressing this dual challenge necessitates a comprehensive approach encompassing legislative reforms, technological advancements, increased public awareness, and international collaboration. A swift response is imperative to mitigate the adverse effects of methane emissions on the environment and human health.
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