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The (partial) replacement of synthetic polymers with bioplastics is due to increased production of conventional packaging plastics causing for severe environmental pollution with plastics waste. The bioplastics, however, represent complex mixtures of known and unknown (bio)polymers, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardant, pigments, antioxidants, hydrophobic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), polyethylene, polyesters, glycol, or poly(butylene succinate), and little is known of their chemical safety for both the environment and the human health. Polymerization reactions of bioplastics can produce no intentionally added chemicals to the bulk material, which could be toxic, as well. When polymers are used to food packing, then the latter chemicals could also migrate from the polymer to food. This fact compromises the safety for consumers, as well. The scarce data on chemical safety of bioplastics makes a gap in knowledge of their toxicity to humans and environment. Thus, development of exact analytical protocols for determining chemicals of bioplastics in environmental and food samples as well as packing polymers can only provide warrant for reliable conclusive evidence of their safety for both the human health and the environment. The task is compulsory according to legislation Directives valid to environmental protection, food control, and assessment of the risk to human health. The quantitative and structural determination of analytes is primary research task of analysis of polymers. The methods of mass spectrometry are fruitfully used for these purposes. Methodological development of exact analytical mass spectrometric tools for reliable structural analysis of bioplastics only guarantees their safety, efficacy, and quality to both humans and environment. This study, first, highlights innovative stochastic dynamics equations processing exactly mass spectrometric measurands and, thus, producing exact analyte quantification and 3D molecular and electronic structural analyses. There are determined synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylenglycol), poly(propylene glycol), and polyisoprene as well as biopolymers in bags for foodstuffs made from renewable cellulose and starch, and containing, in total within the 20,416–17,495 chemicals per sample of the composite biopolymers. Advantages of complementary employment in mass spectrometric methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is highlighted. The study utilizes ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data on biodegradable plastics bags for foodstuffs; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics. There is achieved method performance |r| = 0.99981 determining poly(propylene glycol) in bag for foodstuff containing 20,416 species and using stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas. The results highlight their great capability and applicability to the analytical science as well as relevance to both the fundamental research and to the industry.
Effect of the application of composted manure on the mobility of Cu chemical fractions in a soil contaminated with mining waste
Vol 4, Issue 1, 2023
Issue release: 30 June 2023
VIEWS - 3496 (Abstract)
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Abstract
The weathering of mining wastes with a high content of metallic sulfides is involved in the release and mobility of heavy metals, being one of the main risk factors for the environment and public health. In this work, two types of manure were used to evaluate their effect on the mobile or bioavailable chemical fractions of Cu in a soil contaminated with mining waste. An experiment was conducted using a soil artificially contaminated with 25% mining waste from Zimapán, to which increasing doses of composted cow and pig manure (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24%) were added. The pseudo-total Cu concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after acid digestion, while the Cu chemical fractions were determined from sequential extractions. The results obtained showed a high pseudo-total Cu concentration in the mining residues and low in the soil and in both types of manure. In the treatments with greater application of pig manure, there was a decrease in the concentration of soluble-interchangeable Cu and an increase in the concentration of Cu strongly bound to the organic fraction. While with cow manure there were higher concentrations of soluble-interchangeable Cu and an increase in the fraction of Cu weakly bound to the organic fraction.
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References
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Prof. Hongxing Dai
Beijing University of Technology, China
