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The (partial) replacement of synthetic polymers with bioplastics is due to increased production of conventional packaging plastics causing for severe environmental pollution with plastics waste. The bioplastics, however, represent complex mixtures of known and unknown (bio)polymers, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardant, pigments, antioxidants, hydrophobic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), polyethylene, polyesters, glycol, or poly(butylene succinate), and little is known of their chemical safety for both the environment and the human health. Polymerization reactions of bioplastics can produce no intentionally added chemicals to the bulk material, which could be toxic, as well. When polymers are used to food packing, then the latter chemicals could also migrate from the polymer to food. This fact compromises the safety for consumers, as well. The scarce data on chemical safety of bioplastics makes a gap in knowledge of their toxicity to humans and environment. Thus, development of exact analytical protocols for determining chemicals of bioplastics in environmental and food samples as well as packing polymers can only provide warrant for reliable conclusive evidence of their safety for both the human health and the environment. The task is compulsory according to legislation Directives valid to environmental protection, food control, and assessment of the risk to human health. The quantitative and structural determination of analytes is primary research task of analysis of polymers. The methods of mass spectrometry are fruitfully used for these purposes. Methodological development of exact analytical mass spectrometric tools for reliable structural analysis of bioplastics only guarantees their safety, efficacy, and quality to both humans and environment. This study, first, highlights innovative stochastic dynamics equations processing exactly mass spectrometric measurands and, thus, producing exact analyte quantification and 3D molecular and electronic structural analyses. There are determined synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylenglycol), poly(propylene glycol), and polyisoprene as well as biopolymers in bags for foodstuffs made from renewable cellulose and starch, and containing, in total within the 20,416–17,495 chemicals per sample of the composite biopolymers. Advantages of complementary employment in mass spectrometric methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is highlighted. The study utilizes ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data on biodegradable plastics bags for foodstuffs; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics. There is achieved method performance |r| = 0.99981 determining poly(propylene glycol) in bag for foodstuff containing 20,416 species and using stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas. The results highlight their great capability and applicability to the analytical science as well as relevance to both the fundamental research and to the industry.
Current state of environmental contamination in the Oaxacan Mixtec Region
Vol 5, Issue 1, 2024
Issue release: 30 June 2024
VIEWS - 6906 (Abstract)
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Abstract
Objective: To present a systematic review of studies that evaluate the impact caused by urban solid waste generated in the Oaxacan Mixtec region. Results: The analysis of the research results consulted in the following databases: Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe (Redalyc), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Dialnet, EBSCO and Consorcio Nacional de Recursos de Información Científica y Tecnológica (CONRICYT), show that pollution is a problem that has been gradually increasing globally, which has led to the presence of foreign organisms and substances that interfere with and damage the health of people, natural resources and the ecological balance; It is worth mentioning that the impact on communities caused by the inadequate generation and management of solid waste significantly alters the ecosystem of the areas surrounding the disposal sites. It is important to note that there is legislation in this area that specifically classifies the different disposal sites and entrusts the municipalities with the integral management of urban solid waste, but this legislation is not correctly applied despite the fact that this problem has become very important in the last two decades in governmental spheres. Conclusions: Mexico faces the challenge of resolving environmental problems in order to reach a level of sustainability and sustainability in the medium term. The generation rates of urban solid waste continue to increase because we live in a society that has drastically modified its consumption habits. The degradation of the environment and natural resources for the Oaxacan Mixtec region is classified in ranges from unstable-critical to critical, causing pressure on natural resources, which is why we must have an adequate management and disposal of municipal solid waste, to achieve this it is necessary to have the support of society, governments and society in general, this synergy is necessary to reduce the extraction of resources used to produce them obtaining economic, social and environmental benefits in the long term for the region.
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Prof. Hongxing Dai
Beijing University of Technology, China
