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The (partial) replacement of synthetic polymers with bioplastics is due to increased production of conventional packaging plastics causing for severe environmental pollution with plastics waste. The bioplastics, however, represent complex mixtures of known and unknown (bio)polymers, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardant, pigments, antioxidants, hydrophobic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), polyethylene, polyesters, glycol, or poly(butylene succinate), and little is known of their chemical safety for both the environment and the human health. Polymerization reactions of bioplastics can produce no intentionally added chemicals to the bulk material, which could be toxic, as well. When polymers are used to food packing, then the latter chemicals could also migrate from the polymer to food. This fact compromises the safety for consumers, as well. The scarce data on chemical safety of bioplastics makes a gap in knowledge of their toxicity to humans and environment. Thus, development of exact analytical protocols for determining chemicals of bioplastics in environmental and food samples as well as packing polymers can only provide warrant for reliable conclusive evidence of their safety for both the human health and the environment. The task is compulsory according to legislation Directives valid to environmental protection, food control, and assessment of the risk to human health. The quantitative and structural determination of analytes is primary research task of analysis of polymers. The methods of mass spectrometry are fruitfully used for these purposes. Methodological development of exact analytical mass spectrometric tools for reliable structural analysis of bioplastics only guarantees their safety, efficacy, and quality to both humans and environment. This study, first, highlights innovative stochastic dynamics equations processing exactly mass spectrometric measurands and, thus, producing exact analyte quantification and 3D molecular and electronic structural analyses. There are determined synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylenglycol), poly(propylene glycol), and polyisoprene as well as biopolymers in bags for foodstuffs made from renewable cellulose and starch, and containing, in total within the 20,416–17,495 chemicals per sample of the composite biopolymers. Advantages of complementary employment in mass spectrometric methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is highlighted. The study utilizes ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data on biodegradable plastics bags for foodstuffs; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics. There is achieved method performance |r| = 0.99981 determining poly(propylene glycol) in bag for foodstuff containing 20,416 species and using stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas. The results highlight their great capability and applicability to the analytical science as well as relevance to both the fundamental research and to the industry.
Analysis of water pollution in Chinese port regions to inform green port development
Vol 4, Issue 1, 2023
VIEWS - 4363 (Abstract)
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Abstract
Water transport has emerged as one of the most significant modes of transportation globally, owing to its high carrying capacity, low transport costs, and minimal energy consumption. As a critical hub for land-water transfer, ports experience frequent interactions between ships and land, leading to substantial discharges of domestic sewage and oily wastewater, as well as suspended pollutants from construction activities. Consequently, water pollution in port areas has become increasingly severe. To implement sustainable development strategies and promote green port initiatives, it is essential to research and address water pollution in these areas. This paper first summarizes the sources and impacts of the main water pollutants associated with port construction and operations. It then discusses the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of these pollutants. Finally, based on a literature review, the author highlights the current state of water pollution in port areas, advocates for the introduction of ecological engineering solutions for wastewater treatment, compares the differences in water pollution prevention plans between domestic and international ports, and identifies the shortcomings and gaps in existing research and prevention efforts related to water pollution in port areas.
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Prof. Hongxing Dai
Beijing University of Technology, China
