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The (partial) replacement of synthetic polymers with bioplastics is due to increased production of conventional packaging plastics causing for severe environmental pollution with plastics waste. The bioplastics, however, represent complex mixtures of known and unknown (bio)polymers, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardant, pigments, antioxidants, hydrophobic polymers such as poly(lactic acid), polyethylene, polyesters, glycol, or poly(butylene succinate), and little is known of their chemical safety for both the environment and the human health. Polymerization reactions of bioplastics can produce no intentionally added chemicals to the bulk material, which could be toxic, as well. When polymers are used to food packing, then the latter chemicals could also migrate from the polymer to food. This fact compromises the safety for consumers, as well. The scarce data on chemical safety of bioplastics makes a gap in knowledge of their toxicity to humans and environment. Thus, development of exact analytical protocols for determining chemicals of bioplastics in environmental and food samples as well as packing polymers can only provide warrant for reliable conclusive evidence of their safety for both the human health and the environment. The task is compulsory according to legislation Directives valid to environmental protection, food control, and assessment of the risk to human health. The quantitative and structural determination of analytes is primary research task of analysis of polymers. The methods of mass spectrometry are fruitfully used for these purposes. Methodological development of exact analytical mass spectrometric tools for reliable structural analysis of bioplastics only guarantees their safety, efficacy, and quality to both humans and environment. This study, first, highlights innovative stochastic dynamics equations processing exactly mass spectrometric measurands and, thus, producing exact analyte quantification and 3D molecular and electronic structural analyses. There are determined synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylenglycol), poly(propylene glycol), and polyisoprene as well as biopolymers in bags for foodstuffs made from renewable cellulose and starch, and containing, in total within the 20,416–17,495 chemicals per sample of the composite biopolymers. Advantages of complementary employment in mass spectrometric methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is highlighted. The study utilizes ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data on biodegradable plastics bags for foodstuffs; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics. There is achieved method performance |r| = 0.99981 determining poly(propylene glycol) in bag for foodstuff containing 20,416 species and using stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas. The results highlight their great capability and applicability to the analytical science as well as relevance to both the fundamental research and to the industry.
Investigation into the electro-microbial approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with oil
Vol 3, Issue 1, 2022
Issue release: 31 December 2022
VIEWS - 3561 (Abstract)
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Abstract
A graphite electrode was placed at each end of the soil contaminated with oil, and a direct current (DC) voltage of 24 V was applied to decrease the electrical potential across the soil between the electrodes to 1 V/cm. The study examined the impact of the combined electrokinetic and microbial remediation method on various soil parameters such as pH, soil temperature, organic carbon content, and the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in petroleum-contaminated soil. The findings revealed that after the combined treatment, the degradation rate of the simulated soil contaminated with 2% petroleum reached an optimal level of 67.5%. Additionally, the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased by factors of 1.5, 1.4, and 1.2, respectively. The integration of electric remediation also demonstrated its ability to maintain the soil's pH and temperature within a stable range, thus creating a favorable environment for microbial activity and enhancing the rate of oil degradation.
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References
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Prof. Hongxing Dai
Beijing University of Technology, China
