Utopias and dystopias have always represented the hopes and fears of humanity throughout history. These concepts not only reflect humanity’s aspirations for an ideal future but also embody concerns about the trajectory of civilization’s evolution. With the advent of the digital age and the X.0 society, this traditional binary has been challenged, giving rise to a new concept known as “Mixtopia,” where the boundaries between utopia and nightmare, truth and illusion, coexist. This paper, utilizing the X.0 Wave Theory framework and the 7PS (Seven Pillars of Sustainability) model, examines the cultural, social, technological, environmental, political, educational, and economic transformations that have reshaped these concepts. By analyzing these concepts across various cultures, from Plato’s utopias and Islamic ideal cities to Orwellian dystopias and twenty-first-century surveillance systems, the paper illustrates how the transformation of societies shows that these concepts can no longer be viewed in a binary way. In a world influenced by big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and algorithmic decisionmaking, the boundaries between truth and illusion, freedom and control, progress and decay increasingly blur. Are we moving toward the realization of dreams, or are we trapped in a technological illusion? This research, through a multidimensional analysis based on the 7PS model, presents a vision of the future of human societies where “Mixtopia” replaces the 
traditional views of utopia and dystopia, highlighting the complex and reciprocal interactions between technology, society, and theenvironment. 

1.         Claeys G. Dystopia: A Natural History. Oxford Academic; 2017.

2.         Bloch E. The Principle of Hope. MIT Press; 1986. Volumes 1–3.

3.         Claeys G (editor). The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature. Cambridge University Press; 2010. doi: 10.1017/CCOL9780521886659

4.         Foucault M. Of other spaces: Utopias and heterotopias. Diacritics. 1986; 16(1): 22–27.

5.         Hongladarom S. Shoshana Zuboff, The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. AI & Socirty. 2023; 38: 2359–2361. doi: 10.1007/s00146-020-01100-0

6.         Bennett CJ, Raab CD. The governance of privacy: Policy instruments in global perspective, 1st ed. MIT Press; 2020.

7.         Russell S. Human compatible: Artificial intelligence and the problem of control. Viking; 2019.

8.         Rockström J, Klum M. Big world, small planet: Abundance within planetary boundaries. Yale University Press; 2015.

9.         Harayama Y. Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human‑Centered Society. Available online: https://www.hitachihyoron.com/rev/archive/2017/r2017_06/pdf/p08-13_TRENDS.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

10.      Claeys G. Searching for Utopia: The History of an Idea. Thames & Hudson; 2011.

11.      Piketty T. Capital and Ideology. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2020.

12.      Pinker S. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking; 2011.

13.      Keohane RO, Nye JS. Power and Interdependence. Pearson; 2012.

14.      United Nations. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023. United Nations Publications; 2023.

15.      Helliwell J, Sachs JD, Layard R. World Happiness Report 2017. Available online: https://files.worldhappiness.report/WHR17.pdf?_gl=1*jafd62*_gcl_au*MjI5NzEzNzYuMTc2MzA4Mjg3MQ.. (accessed on 1 May 2025).

16.      Fukuyama F. Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 2018.

17.      Zizek S. Living in the End Times. Verso; 2011.

18.      Kaldor M. New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford University Press; 2012.

19.      Fukuyama F. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 2014.

20.      Kolbert E. The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. Henry Holt and Company; 2014.

21.      Piketty T. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2014.

22.      Harari YN. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. HarperCollins; 2015.

23.      Lynch M. The New Arab Wars: Uprising and Anarchy in the Middle East. PublicAffairs; 2016.

24.      United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Yemen. Available online: https://www.unocha.org/yemen (accessed on 26 March 2025).

25.      UNICEF. Humanitarian Action for Children: Yemen—Highlights. United Nations Children’s Fund; 2023.

26.      Correa-Salazar C, Amon JJ. Cross-border COVID-19 spread amidst malaria re-emergence in Venezuela: A human rights analysis. Globalization and Health. 2020; 16. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00648-2

27.      Human Rights Watch. South Africa. Available online: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/south-africa (accessed on 26 March 2025).

28.      UNHCR. Ongoing emergencies. Available online: https://www.unhcr.org/africa (accessed on 26 March 2025).

29.      UNHCR. Global trends: Forced displacement in 2023. Available online: https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2023 (accessed on 26 March 2025).

30.      UNHCR. Global trends: Forced displacement in 2022. Available online: https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022 (accessed on 26 March 2025).

31.      UNHCR. Refugee statistics. Available online: https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics (accessed on 26 March 2025).

32.      Farge E. Millions of lives at risk from ‘brutal’ funding cuts, UN refugee chief says. Available online: https://www.reuters.com/world/millions-lives-risk-brutal-funding-cuts-un-refugee-chief-says-2025-03-20 (accessed on 20 March 2025).

33.      Reuters. Global displacement to rise by 6.7 million people by end of next year, aid group says. Available online: https://www.reuters.com/world/global-displacement-rise-by-67-million-people-by-end-next-year-aid-group-says-2025-03-14 (accessed on 14 March 2025).

34.      Dehghan SK. Cate Blanchett launches fund for refugee film‑makers. Available online: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/jan/29/cate-blanchett-un-displacement-fund-refugee-film-makers (accessed on 1 May 2025).

35.      Berkhout E, Galasso N, Lawson M, et al. The Inequality Virus: Bringing together a world torn apart by coronavirus through a fair, just and sustainable economy. Available online: https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/inequality-virus (accessed on 26 March 2025).

36.      UNHCR. Syria emergency. Available online: https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html (accessed on 26 March 2025).

37.       UNHCR. (2024). UNHCR Yemen – 2023 Quarter 4 Factsheet [PDF]. UNHCR Operational Data Portal. https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/107768 (accessed 1 May 2025)

38.      UNHCR. UNHCR Afghanistan: Situation Update – 1 April 2024. Available online: https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/108385 (accessed on 1 May 2025).

39.      Oxfam. Survival of the richest: How we must tax the super‑rich now to fight inequality. Available online: https://www.oxfam.de/system/files/documents/survival_of_the_richest_oxfam_en.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

40.      World Bank Group. Poverty and Equity Briefs. Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/publication/poverty-and-equity-briefs (accessed 1 December 2025).

41.      United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain times, unsettled lives — shaping our future in a transforming world. Available online: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3986309/files/hdr2021-22reportenglish_0.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

42.      Human Rights Watch. World Report 2023: Democratic Republic of Congo. Available online: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/democratic-republic-congo (accessed on 1 May 2025)

43.      UNDRR. Global assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our world at risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future. Available online: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3969846/files/Global_Assessment_Report_on_Disaster_Risk_Reduction_2022_0.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

44.      Hartinger SM, Palmeiro-Silva YK, Llerena-Cayo C, et al. The 2023 Latin America report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for health-centred climate-resilient development. The Lancet Regional Health–Americas. 2024; 33: 100746. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100746

45.      Beuchle R, Bourgoin C, Crepin L, et al. Deforestation and forest degradation in the Amazon – Update for year 2022 and link to soy trade. Available online: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC134995/JRC134995_01.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

46.      NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Multi-year La Niña events and multi-season drought in the Horn of Africa. https://www.giss.nasa.gov/pubs/abs/an04200y.html (accessed on 1 May 2025).

47.      United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. DR Congo emergency. Available online: https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/dr-congo-emergency (accessed on 26 March 2025).

48.      World Health Organization. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Available online: https://data.who.int/countries/180 (accessed on 26 March 2025).

49.      Associated Press. Rwanda-backed rebels advance into eastern Congo’s 2nd major city of Bukavu, residents say. Available online: https://apnews.com/article/congo-rebels-goma-airport-217d3da75c0ba1232c1021f004436c10 (accessed on 26 March 2025).

50.      Oxfam International. Nigeria: Extreme inequality in numbers. Available online: https://www.oxfam.org/en/nigeria-extreme-inequality-numbers (accessed on 26 March 2025).

51.      Akubo AA, Okolo BI. Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria: Implications for national security and restorative justice. Available online: https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/boko-haram-insurgency-in-nigeria/ (accessed on 26 March 2025).

52.      Transparency International. Corruption Perceptions Index: Nigeria. Available online: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2024/index/nga (accessed on 26 March 2025).

53.      World Bank Group & Asian Development Bank. Climate Risk Country Profile: Philippines. Available online: https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/country-profiles/15852-WB_Philippines%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

54.      United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines: Status Report 2019. Available online: https://www.undrr.org/publication/disaster-risk-reduction-philippines-status-report-2019 (accessed on 1 May 2025).

55.      Greenpeace International. Greenpeace Brazil flyover documents Amazon deforestation and fires hotspot increases. Available online: https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/69265/greenpeace-brazil-flyover-documents-amazon-deforestation-and-fires-hotspot-increases/ (accessed on 1 May 2025).

56.      World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Living Amazon Report 2022. Available online: https://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/Amazonas/Living-Amazon-Report-2022.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

57.      Butler RA. Drop in Amazon deforestation confirmed, but degradation soars 497% in 2024. Available online: https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/drop-in-amazon-deforestation-confirmed-but-degradation-soars-497-in-2024/ (accessed on 1 May 2025).

58.      Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Central America’s Dry Corridor: Turning emergency into opportunities. Available online: https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/central-america-s-dry-corridor-turning-emergency-into-opportunities/en (accessed on 1 May 2025).

59.      Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Food Programme. Erratic weather patterns in the Central American Dry Corridor leave 1.4 million people in urgent need of food assistance. Available online: https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/Erratic-weather-patterns-in-the-Central-American-Dry-Corridor-leave-1-4-million-people-in-urgent-need-of-food-assistance/en (accessed on 1 May 2025).

60.      Liang F, Das V, Kostyuk N, Hussain MM. Constructing a data-driven society: China’s social credit system as a state surveillance infrastructure. Policy & Internet. 2018; 10(4): 415–453. doi: 10.1002/poi3.183

61.      Greenwald G. No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State. Metropolitan Books; 2014.

62.      Lyon D. The culture of surveillance: Watching as a way of life. Polity Press; 2018.

63.      Schneier B. Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World. W. W. Norton & Company; 2016.

64.      Eubanks V. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. St. Martin’s Press; 2018.

65.      Angwin J, Larson J, Mattu S, Kirchner L. Machine bias: There’s software used across the country to predict future criminals. And it’s biased against Blacks. Available online: https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing (accessed on 26 March 2025).

66.      Bongiovi JR. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. Social Forces. 2019; 98(2): 1–4. doi: 10.1093/sf/soz037

67.      Raghavan M, Barocas S, Kleinberg J, Levy K. Mitigating bias in algorithmic hiring: Evaluating claims and practices. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency; 27–30 January 2020; New York, NY, United States. pp. 469–481.

68.      Pasquale F. New laws of robotics: Defending human expertise in the age of AI. Harvard University Press; 2020.

69.      Pasquale F. The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information. Harvard University Press; 2015.

70.      Noble SU. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. NYU Press; 2018.

71.      Nayak BS, Walton N. Political Economy of Artificial Intelligence: Critical Reflections on Big Data Market, Economic Development and Data Society. Palgrave; 2024.

72.      Bentham J. The panopticon writings. In: Božovič M (editor). Verso; 1995.

73.      Beckman F (editor). Control Culture: Foucault and Deleuze after Discipline. Edinburgh University Press; 2018.

74.      Couldry N, Mejias UA. The costs of connection: How data is colonizing human life and appropriating it for capitalism. Stanford University Press; 2019.

75.      Giblin R, Doctorow C. Chokepoint Capitalism: How Big Tech and Big Content Captured Creative Labour Markets and How We’ll Win Them Back. Beacon Press; 2022.

76.      van Dijck J. Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology. Surveillance & Society. 2014; 12(2): 197–208. doi: 10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776

77.      Andrejevic M. Big Data, big questions| The Big Data divide. International Journal of Communication. 2014; 8: 1673–1689.

78.      Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. Big data for entrepreneurship towards CSR and sustainable development. In: Big data for entrepreneurship and sustainable development, 1st ed. CRC Press; 2021. pp. 28.

79.      Tufekci Z. Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. Yale University Press; 2017.

80.      Pariser E. The filter bubble: What the internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press; 2011.

81.      Woolley SC, Howard PN. Computational propaganda: Political parties, politicians, and political manipulation on social media. Oxford University Press; 2018.

82.      Persily N. The 2016 U.S. election: Can democracy survive the internet. Journal of Democracy. 2017; 28(2): 63–76.

83.      Crawford K. Atlas of AI: Power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence. Yale University Press; 2021.

84.      Ozan ED. (editor). Rethinking Utopia: Interdisciplinary Approaches (Political Theory for Today). Lexington Books; 2022.

85.      Moylan T. Scraps of the untamed sky: Science fiction, utopia, dystopia. Rethinking Marxism. 2000; 12(2): 1–15.

86.      Levitas R. Utopia as method: The imaginary reconstitution of society. Palgrave Macmillan; 2013.

87.      Harari YN. 21 lessons for the 21st century. Spiegel & Grau; 2018.

88.      Bostrom N. Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford University Press; 2014.

89.      Brynjolfsson E, McAfee A. The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W.W. Norton; 2014.

90.      Rasborg K. Ulrich Beck: Theorising World Risk Society and Cosmopolitanism. Palgrave Macmillan; 2021.

91.      Stiglitz JE. The price of inequality: How today’s divided society endangers our future. W.W. Norton; 2012.

92.      Raworth K. Doughnut economics: Seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist. Chelsea Green Publishing; 2017.

93.      Townsend AM. Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. W.W. Norton; 2013.

94.      Levine Y. Surveillance Valley: The Secret Military History of the Internet. Icon Books Ltd; 2019.

95.      Morozov E. To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism. PublicAffairs; 2013.

96.      O’Neil C. Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown Publishing Group; 2016.

97.      Pasquale F. The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press; 2015.

98.      Kılıç M, Bozkuş Kahyaoğlu S. (editors). Algorithmic Discrimination and Ethical Perspective of Artificial Intelligence. Springer Nature Singapore; 2024.

99.      Deleuze G. Postscript on the societies of control. October. 1992; 59: 3–7.

100.   Wiggins C, Jones ML. How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms. W. W. Norton & Company; 2023.

101.   Mejias UA, Couldry N. Data grab: The new colonialism of Big Tech and how to fight back. The University of Chicago Press; 2024.

102.   Kislev E. Relationships 5.0: How AI, VR, and Robots Will Reshape Our Emotional Lives. Oxford University Press; 2022. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197588253.001.0001

103.   Srnicek N. Platform Capitalism. Polity Press; 2017.

104.   Helbing D. Towards digital enlightenment: Essays on the Dark and Light Sides of the Digital Revolution. Springer; 2019.

105.   Beck U. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Sage Publications; 1992.

106.   Small C. Surveillance and your right to privacy (Spying, surveillance, and privacy in the 21st century). Cavendish Square; 2017.

107.   Floridi L. The Fourth Revolution: How the Infosphere is Reshaping Human Reality. Oxford University Press; 2014.

108.   Scott JC. Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. Yale University Press; 1998.

109.   Kabo R. Utopia beyond capitalism in contemporary literature: A commons poetics. Bloomsbury Academic; 2025.

110.   Bauman Z. Retrotopia. Polity Press; 2017.

111.   Jameson F. Archaeologies of the future: The desire called utopia and other science fictions. Verso; 2005.

112.   Clark J. Uneven Innovation: The Work of Smart Cities. Columbia University Press; 2020.

113.   Ikehara AS. A Theory of MiXtopia: Critical Performance Life/Art in Three MiXtopias: Teruya, Koza, Okinawa [PhD thesis]. University of California; 2016.

114.   Sand M. Technological Utopianism and the Idea of Justice. Springer Nature; 2025. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-75945-1

115.   Ntanda A, Carolissen R. Technology’s dual role in smart cities and social equality: A systematic literature. Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation. 2025; 6: 238. doi: 10.4102/jolgri.v6i0.238

116.   Raso A. There must be darkness to see the stars»: How contemporary women writers have been queering the way to mixtopic world-making. Between. 2024; 14(27): 547-575. doi: 10.13125/2039-6597/5849

117.   Mohammadian HD, Langari ZG, Castro M, Wittberg V. Smart Governance for Educational Sustainability: Hybrid SMEs & the X.0 Wave Theory Towards Mapping the Future Education in Post-Covid Era. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 28–31 March 2022; Tunis, Tunisia.

118.   Mohammadian HD, Bakhtiari AK, Castro M, et al. The Development of a Readiness Assessment Framework for Tomorrow’s SMEs for Adopting the Educational Components of future of I4.0. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 28–31 March 2022; Tunis, Tunisia.

119.   Mattiello H, Domann C. Overcoming SME Legal and Regulatory Challenges and Fostering Sustainable Collaboration and 7PS Engineering in the Digital Age through Integrating the X.0 Wave Theory & SME 5.0 Concept. Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing. 2024; 1(2): 10011. doi: 10.35534/ism.2024.10011

120.   Mattiello H. Exposing the hidden costs of ‘free’: Personal data commodification in the digital economy via X. 0 Theory, Fuzzy Delphi, thematic analysis, and problem-solving frameworks. Journal of Policy and Society. 2024; 2(2): 2330. doi: 10.59400/jps2330

121.   Mohammadian HD, Assante D, Capasso C, et al. Internet of energy: New scenarios, opportunities, challenges and educational solutions. In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 27–30 April 2021; Vienna, Austria.

122.   Mohammadian HD. Mapping the future sustainable, through the X.0 wave/tomorrow age theory or theory of comprehensive everything with a focus on educational SMEs. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 28–31 March 2022; Tunis, Tunisia.

123.   Mattiello H. Sailing the X.0 Wave Theory: Navigating the Future of Civilization. Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing. 2024; 1(2): 10021. doi: 10.70322/ism.2024.10021

124.   Mohammadian HD. Internet of Education: A solution for improving the efficiency of reversible education. In: Proceeding of the 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 17–20 April 2018; Tenerife, Spain.

125.   Mohammadian HD, des Mittelstands F. Holding a discussion on SMEs challenges in I4.0, the internet of energy (IoE) can solve. Available online: https://www.ioe-edu.eu/en/past_webinars.aspx (accessed on 1 December 2025).

126.   Abdelli MEA, Sghaier A, Akbaba A, et al. Smart Cities for Sustainability: Approaches and Solutions. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2023.

127.   Mohammadian HD, Langari ZG, Wittberg V. Cyber Government for Sustainable Governance: Examining Solutions to Tomorrow’s Crises and Implications through the X.0 Wave Theory, Edu 5.0 concept, and 9PSG model. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 28–31 March 2022; Tunis, Tunisia. pp. 1737–1746.

128.   Mohammadian HD, Mohammadian FD, Assante D. IoT-education policies on national and international level regarding best practices in German SMEs. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 27–30 April 2020. Porto, Portugal.

129.   Mohammadian HD, Wittberg V. Edu-Tech Mirrors Culture as an Infrastructure & Solution for Future-Oriented Engineering Edu-Tech Challenges in the Digital Transformation and Industry 5.0/Society 6.0 Era via X.0 Wave/Age Theory. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 08–11 May 2024; Kos Island, Greece.

130.   Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. Sustainable Innovative Project Management: Response to Improve Livability and Quality of Life: Case Studies: Iran Germany. Inventions. 2019; 4(4): 59.

131.   Mohammadian HD. IoT–a Solution for Educational Management Challenges. In: Proceeding of the 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 8–11 April 2019; Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

132.   Mohammadian HD. IoT-Education technologies as solutions towards SMEs’ educational challenges and I4.0 readiness. In: Proceeding of the 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 27–30 April 2020; Porto, Portugal.

133.   Mohammadian HD. The role of Smartness and Ubiquitous in Industry 4.0 and its effect on SMEs’ Human Resource Competencies. FHM University; 2019.

134.   Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. The role of IoE-Education in the X.0 Wave Theory readiness & its effect on SME 4.0 HR competencies. In: Proceeding of the 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 27–30 April 2020; Porto, Portugal.

135.   Mohammadian HD. International Project Management: A Focus on HR Approach in Multinational Corporations. Momentum Press; 2019. Volume 1.

136.   Mattiello H, Alijani O, Rahimi Moghaddam M, Ameri B. Evolving visitors/tourists’ demands, preference and future expectations related to 7PS sustainability during and after the pandemic through the X.0 wave/tomorrow age theory (when X.0 = 5.0). Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. 2024; 16(6): 775-815. doi: 10.1108/WHATT 08 2024 0186

137.   Mohammadian HD. International Project Management: A Focus on Value Engineering and Project Value Improvement. Momentum Press; 2019. Volume 2.

138.   Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. i-Sustainability Plus Theory as an Innovative Path towards Sustainable World Founded on Blue-Green Ubiquitous Cities (Case Studies: Denmark and South Korea). Inventions. 2020; 5(4): 14.

139.   Mohammadian HD. An Overview of International Cross-Cultural Management. Fachhochschule des Mitt elstands GmbH; 2017.

140.   Novak D, Mohammadian H. Risks and forecasts of global temperature increase and climate challenges: Insights from the 5th wave theory and Novak triangle. Progress in Energy & Fuels. 2023. 12(2): 3316. doi: 10.18282/pef.v12i2.3316

141.   Mattiello H, Mohammadian FD, Assante D. IoT-education policies on national and international level regarding best practices in German SMEs. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 27-30 April 2020; Porto, Portugal. pp. 1848-1857. doi: 10.1109/EDUCON45650.2020.9125148

142.   Mattiello H, Shahhoseini HS, Castro M, Merk R. Digital Transformation in Academic Society and Innovative Ecosystems in the World beyond Covid19-Pandemic with Using 7PS Model for IoT. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Learning with MOOCS (LWMOOCS); 29 September-2 October 2020; Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala. pp. 112-117. doi: 10.1109/LWMOOCS50143.2020.9234328

143.   Mattiello H, Wittberg V, Castro M, Bolandian G. The 5th Wave and i-Sustainability Plus Theories as Solutions for SocioEdu Consequences of Covid-19. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Learning with MOOCS (LWMOOCS); 29 September-2 October 2020; Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala. pp. 118-123, doi: 10.1109/LWMOOCS50143.2020.9234360

144.   Mattiello H, Mattiello D, Wittberg V. Driving Sex-Gender Equity and Ethical Integration in Edu X.0: Harnessing GenAI for Human-Centric Innovation, Responsibility, and Industry X.0 (When X.0 = 5.0). In: Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 22-25 April 2025; London, United Kingdom. pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1109/EDUCON62633.2025.11016475

145.   Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. SMEs in energy sector: foundation, ubiquitous blue‑green energy management. Available online: https://www.fh-mittelstand.com/fileadmin/fhm-corporate/f_e/publikationen/3_smes_in_energy_sector.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

146.   Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. Global SMEs: Volume 2: SMEs 4.0 to Gain Sustainable Development Globally. Available online: https://www.fh-mittelstand.com/fileadmin/fhm-corporate/f_e/publikationen/2_global_smes_smes_4.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

147.   Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. Global SMEs: Volume 1: Sustainable Smart Innovative Global SMEs. Available online: https://www.fh-mittelstand.com/fileadmin/fhm-corporate/f_e/publikationen/1_global_smes_sustainable_smart_innovative_global_smes.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2025).

148.   Rafiq A. Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. Strategic Studies. 2018; 38(3): 111–113.

149.   Mohammadian HD. Internet of Energy: The Solution for Improving the Efficiency of Reversible Energy. In: Proceeding of the 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 17–20 April 2018; Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. pp. 1890-1895. doi: 10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363466

150.   Mattiello H, Mattiello D, Wittberg V. Empowering Women in Engineering: Advancing Gender Equity, Innovation, Leadership, Ethical Practices, and Cultural Inclusivity in STEM-Edu X.0. In: Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 22-25 April 2025; London, UK. pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/EDUCON62633.2025.11016440

151.   Kallhoff A, Liedauer E (editors). Greentopia: Utopian Thought in the Anthropocene. Springer; 2024. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-56802-2

152.   Mohammadian HD. The X.0 Wave and i-Sustainability Plus Theories as Solutions for SocioEdu Consequences of Covid-19. In: Proceeding of the 2020 IEEE Learning with MOOCS (LWMOOCS); 30 September–2 October 2020; Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala.

153.    Mohammadian HD, Rezaie F. Blue-green smart mobility technologies as readiness for facing tomorrow’s urban shock toward the world as a better place for living (Case studies: Songdo and Copenhagen). Technologies. 2020; 8(3): 39. doi: 10.3390/technologies8030039

154.   Mohammadian HD. Mapping the future global SMEs growth via hybrid SMEs/SME 5.0/tomorrow’s SMEs concept through the 5th Wave, i‑Sustainability Plus and DCT Theories. In: Chemma N, Abdelli MEA, Awasthi A, Mogaji E (editors). Management and Information Technology in the Digital Era: Challenges and Perspectives. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2022. doi:10.1108/s1877-636120220000029011

155.   Mohammadian HD. Mapping the future SMEs’ HR competencies via IoE technologies and 7PS model through the Fifth Wave Theory. In: Chemma N, Abdelli MEA, Awasthi A, Mogaji E (editors). Management and Information Technology in the Digital Era: Challenges and Perspectives. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2022. doi: 10.1108/S1877-636120220000029010

156.   Mohammadian HD. DRMM and Comprehensive Global Blue Green Clean Sustainable Urban Mobility Risk Mitigation Plan for Mapping Future Smart Cities Through the 5th Wave Theory. In: Abdelli MEA, Sghaier A, Akbaba A, et al. (editors). Smart Cities for Sustainability: Approaches and Solutions. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2023. doi: 10.1108/S1877-636120230000033008

157.   Novak D, Mattiello H. Challenges of a sustainable energy and vehicle‑related value chain for BEVs and FCEVs through the 5th wave theory. Progress in Energy & Fuels. 2023; 12(1): 3308. doi: 10.18282/pef.v12i1.3308

158.   Mohammadian HD, Alijani O, Moghadam MR, Ameri B. Navigating the future by fuzzy AHP method: Enhancing global tech-sustainable governance, digital resilience, & cybersecurity via the SME 5.0, 7PS framework & the X.0 Wave/Age theory in the digital age. AIMS Geosciences. 2024; 10(2): 371–398. doi: 10.3934/geosci.2024020

159.   Chang E. Brotopia: Breaking Up the Boys' Club of Silicon Valley. Portfolio; 2018.

160.   Mohammadian HD. Urban 6.0 and Utopia Concepts via Sustainable, Clean, Inclusive, Innovative, and U Mobility Through the Theory of Comprehensive Everything. In: Abdelli MEA, Sghaier A, Akbaba A, et al. (editors). Smart Cities for Sustainability: Approaches and Solutions. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2023. doi: 10.1108/S1877-636120230000033012