Agricultural extension in Turkey within the framework of central and local governments

Ebru Irmak, Muaffak Sarıoğlu

Article ID: 2847
Vol 2, Issue 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/ssd2847
Received: 12 August 2024; Accepted: 29 October 2024; Available online: 18 November 2024;
Issue release: 31 December 2024

VIEWS - 51 (Abstract)

Download PDF

Abstract

Agricultural extension and communication is a system that has been subject to very different management by many different institutions in Turkey. In this study, the issue was examined as the period when it was evaluated by local governments with village institutes and the years when it was handled by the central authority. Afterwards, the organizations responsible for agricultural extension today were specified, and their effectiveness was investigated with other studies conducted for the producer. It has been found that the period before 1960, when the desire for enlightenment of the rural area, the belief that one could make a living from agriculture and animal husbandry, and the government policies were based on agriculture, was the brightest period of agricultural extension. It has been determined through secondary data that the effectiveness of the central government’s ministries, cooperatives, producer organizations, and private sector extension system is limited, insufficient to solve problems onsite and on time, or cannot be spread throughout Turkey. The aim of the study is to examine agricultural extension within the framework of rural area policies of governments in Turkey.


Keywords

agricultural extension; local government; village institutes


References

1. TDK. Central Government. Available online: https://sozluk.gov.tr (accessed on 5 March 2024).

2. Bilgisay H. Local Government Reform and Special Provincial Administrations: An Analysis in Bursa Perspective. In: Bekir Parlak (editor). Local Governments Local Politics and Urban Policies. Dora Publications, Bursa; 2010. pp. 279–294.

3. Çiçek Y. Local Governments in Turkey from Past to Present. KSU Social Sciences Journal. 2014; 11(1): 53–64.

4. Ökmen M, Parlak B. From Theory to Practice Local Governments Principles Approaches and Legislations, 2nd ed. In: Alfa Akademi (editor). Amazon; 2010; p. 584.

5. Urhan VF. Restructuring of Local Governments in Turkey. Court of Accounts Journal. 2014; 70: 85–102.

6. Tekeli İ. Izmir Model: A democratic municipality model proposal for Izmir. Kitap, Izmir; 2018.

7. Schumpeter JA. The Theory of Economic Development. In: Harvard Economic Studies. Chambridge; 1934.

8. Arslan A. A Village Sociology Study: Socio-Economic Structure and Problems of Kavaközü Village. Journal of Social Sciences. 2003; 4.

9. Aysal N. Ataturk Road. Ankara University Turkish Revolution History Institute Journal. 2005; 9: 35–36.

10. Er C. The Beginning and End of Everything is Education. Karınca Magazine. 2003.

11. Odabaşıoğlu A. Management of Village Institutions. Pamukkale University; 2017.

12. Akyüz Y. Turkish education history: (from the beginning to 1985). Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Publications; 1989.

13. Erçelebi H. Village Institutes on the 50th anniversary of their establishment and their contributions to the Turkish education system. Ankara University, Ankara; 1991; Unpublished work.

14. Tangülü Z. Education Policies of the Democratic Party Era (1950–1960). Turkish Journal of Educational Sciences. Spring; 2012. pp. 389–410.

15. Kılıç E. Education Policies of the Democratic Party Era (1950–1960). Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; 2008; Unpublished work.

16. Kara A. People’s Houses, the Cornerstone of Development in the Republican Era (1932–1951). Twenty-Four Hours Publishing; 2006.

17. Eşme İ. The Story of a 130-Year Process in Teacher Training: Higher Teacher Training Schools. Journal of National Education. 2003; 160(2): 154–164.

18. Karakök T. Education in Turkey during the Menderes Era, 1950–1960. Journal of Higher Education and Science. 2011; (2): 89–97.

19. Erder N, Karaosmanoğlu A, Çilingiroğlu A, ve Sönmez A. Planned Development Adventure Planning Experience in Turkey in the 1960s, Panel. Istanbul: Bilgi University Publication; 2003.

20. Hesapçıoğlu M. Macro Level Human Resources Planning in Turkey. Ankara: Anı Publishing; 2001.

21. Küçüker E. What Does Educational Planning Aim in Turkey? In: Proceedings of the International Conference on New Trends in Education and Their Implications; 11–13 November 2010; Antalya, Turkey. pp. 153–157.

22. Demirtürk S. Social Dynamics of Socio-Economic Change and Outward Orientation in Turkey in the Period of 1960–1980. Gazi University Central Asian and Middle East Research Center (GORAM); 2015. pp. 155–182.

23. Şahin E, Özteke HT. Primary Education in the Government Program Between 1980–2000. Uludağ University; 2003. pp. 185–218.

24. Available online: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2020-37210 (accessed on 5 March 2024).

25. Başaran H, Irmak E. Evaluation of Partnership Structure and Cooperative Activities in Agricultural Cooperatives in Edirne. KSÜ Agriculture and Nature Journal 21(Special Issue). 2018: 116–122.

26. Cengiz N. A Research on the Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension and Consultancy Services: Antalya Province Example. T.R. [PhD thesis]. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University; 2018.

27. Şenmerdan N. New Approaches in Education and Student-Centered Education. Available online: https://www.google.com.tr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjjiZvujLfZAhXR-6QKHZyNA8AQFghNMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.eba.gov.tr%2F927%2F1fe%2F64e%2F3bc%2Fd94%2Fa94%2Fccb%2F918%2Fb68%2Fed9%2F339%2Fd07%2Fb2f%2Fbac%2F001%2F9271fe64e3bcd94a94ccb918b68ed9339d07b2fbac001.pdf%3Fname%3DE%25C4%259Fitimde%2520Yeni%2520Yakla%25C5%259F%25C4%25B1mlar%2520Ve%2520%25C3%2596%25C4%259Frenci%2520Merkezli%2520E%25C4%259Fitim%2520.Eyl%25C3%25BCl%25202015%2520Seminer%2520Sunu%2520%25C3%2596rne%25C4%259Fi.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0dmn2fkU8jjTqATFuzkmNr (accessed on 21 February 2018).

28. Kır S. Levels of Access to Information and Publication Approaches of Women Working in Small Livestock Enterprises in Karapınar District of Konya Province [Master’s Thesis]. Selçuk University, Konya; 2010.

29. Maunder A. Agricultural Extension: A Reference Manual. In: ROMA, 1st ed. FAO; 1973.

30. Russel J. Extension Strategies Involving Local Groups and their Participation, and the Role of this Approach in Facilitating Local Development. In: Jones GE (editor). Investing In Rural Extension: Strategies and Goals. New York: Elsevier Applied Science Publisher; 1986.

31. Van den Ban A, Hawkins H. Agricultural Extension, 2nd ed. Oxford.: Blackwell Science; 1996.

32. Tarlasera. Europe’s First Land Law is Enacted. Available online: https://www.tarlasera.com/haber-12322-avrupa%E2%80%99nin-ilk-toprak-yasasi-cikiyor (accessed on 5 March 2024).

33. Yurttaş Z. Agricultural Publication and Communication. Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture Publications; 2000.

34. Özçatalbaş O, Gürgen Y. Agricultural Extension and Communication. Baki Bookstore, Adana; 1998.

35. Koçak F. Comparison of Agricultural Extension Consultancy Training System Applied in the EU and Turkey [Master’s Thesis]. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ; 2012.

36. Irmak E. Extension Approaches in Agricultural Cooperatives: A Research on the Conditions and Possibilities of Improving the Current Situation with the Example of Lalapaşa District of Edirne Province [PhD thesis]. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ; 2019.

37. Gebremedhin B, Hoekstra D, Tegegne A. ILRI, Nairobi (Kenya). Improving Productivity and Market Success of Ethiopian Farmers Project (IPMS). In: Commercialization of Ethiopian agriculture: extension service from input supplier to knowledge broker and facilitator. IPMS Working Paper 1. Nairobi (Kenya): ILRI; 2006.

38. T. R. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2022 Performance Program. Available online: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SGB/Belgeler/Performans%20Programlar%C4%B1/TARIM%20ve%20ORMAN%20BAKANLI%C4%9EI%202022Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20PerformansProgram%C4%B1.pdf (accessed on 5 March 2024).

39. Başaran H, Irmak E. Local Product Production in Devrek and the Place of Cooperatives in Local Women’s Entrepreneurship. Ahi Evran Academy (AEA). 2022; 3(1): pp. 19–31.

40. T. R. Ministry of Education. 2021–2022 Formal Education Statistics Announced. Available online: https://www.meb.gov.tr/2021-2022-orgun-egitim-istatistikleri-aciklandi/haber/27552/tr (accessed on 5 March 2024).

41. Başaran H, Irmak, E. A research on the people’s perception and expectations and the behaviors of the cooperative partners in Balıkesir. Asia Pacific Academic of Science Pte. Ltd.; 2024.

42. Çukur, T ve Karaturhan B. Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System and An Evaluation from Türkiye’s Perspective. Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Journal. 2011; 48(2): 151–158.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Ebru Irmak, Muaffak Sarıoğlu

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/


This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).