Probiotics and Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children

Abstract

Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) represent a significant health concern among children, affecting 6% within their first six years and 25% before reaching one year old. Despite often presenting mild symptoms, these infections persist to varying degrees, typically decreasing in frequency until complete resolution by the age of twelve. However, the transient nature of RRIs disguises the considerable medical and social burdens they impose, notably diminishing the quality of life for affected children and their families. This comprehensive review aims to distil and synthesize findings from extensive research conducted over the past seventeen years, with a particular focus on understanding the role of probiotics in both preventing and treating RRIs. By compiling key insights from these studies, the review sheds light on the complex dynamics of RRIs and explores the potential of probiotics as a promising avenue for reducing the frequency and severity of these infections. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms conferring health benefits, have garnered attention due to their immunomodulatory properties. Recent studies have investigated the efficacy of probiotics in preventing and treating RRIs, emphasizing their ability to modulate immune responses, enhance mucosal immunity, and maintain a balanced microbial environment within the respiratory tract. Through critical examination of accumulated evidence, this review aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between RRIs, the evolving immune systems of children, and the potential therapeutic contributions of probiotics. By synthesizing findings from recent research, it seeks to contribute meaningfully to ongoing discussions on effective strategies for alleviating the burden of RRIs in pediatric populations. The insights gleaned from this review are poised to inform future interventions, guiding healthcare practitioners in devising targeted and effective approaches to managing and mitigating the impact of RRIs in children.