Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Oxycodone and Morphine in the Treatment of Cancer Pain

Abstract

Background: Morphine and oxycodone are effective analgesics for treating both acute and chronic pain. However, previous studies have primarily focused on their oral efficacy and potential side effects. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and adverse reactions of oxycodone and morphine in the treatment of cancer-related pain. Methods: A total of 39 patients admitted to our hospital from April 5, 2022 to April 5, 2023 received oxycodone (n = 19) or morphine (n = 20). Their treatment data were retrospectively analyzed. These patients received either oxycodone or morphine orally for five consecutive days. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain) from day 0 to day 5. The study also recorded pain relief rates, incidence of adverse reactions, and treatment satisfaction. Results: After receiving treatment with either oxycodone or morphine, all subjects experienced a reduction in cancer pain grade from moderate or severe to mild. On the third day of drug administration, there was a statistically significant decrease in NRS Pain scores (p < 0.05). Furthermore, by the fifth day of treatment, although pain symptoms were notably alleviated in both groups, satisfaction was significantly higher in the morphine group (p < 0.05). Both groups exhibited adverse effects such as vomiting, nausea, and constipation. However, the incidence of adverse effects and the number of patients experiencing vomiting were significantly lower in the oxycodone group compared to the morphine group. The incidence of adverse effects increased after the administration of high doses of oxycodone or morphine but remained lower in the oxycodone group than in the morphine group. Conclusions: When compared to morphine, oxycodone exhibits a slightly shorter onset of action, a more potent short-term analgesic effect, and fewer adverse effects. This study provides clinical evidence to refine drug regimens in managing cancer pain. Further basic research is expected to elucidate the different mechanisms underlying the effects of oxycodone and morphine.