Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Recently, numerous attempts have been made to expedite orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) to reduce treatment time. Platelet-rich concentrates have emerged as a potential intervention to accelerate OTM. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the existing available literature on the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the rate of OTM. Methods: This systematic review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines, and the protocol was registered in Prospective Registration of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) (CDR42022355356). Electronic databases were searched to retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement as the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included pain (visual analog scale (VAS) score), loss of anchorage, and molar rotation. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using Cochranes ROB-2, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality assessment was employed. Standardized mean difference (SMD) served as a summary statistic measure, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Publication bias was explored through a funnel plot. Results: Eight studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and a meta-analysis was conducted on five studies. The ROB for all studies ranged from moderate to high, while the quality of evidence was moderate. The pooled estimate, as indicated by SMD, demonstrated a significant increase in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement during the first month after the intervention. Meta-analysis indicated the absence of publication bias. Conclusions: PRP demonstrated the potential to accelerate the rate of OTM during the first month. Further studies conducted with a rigorous protocol extended duration are recommended.