The Value of the ABO Blood Grouping System Antigen Combined with the Rh Blood Grouping System in the Transfusion Therapy of Patients with Hematologic Diseases

Abstract

Background: The ABO and Rh systems are widely recognized as the most crucial systems in transfusion medicine and transplantation. Mismatching the Rh antigen-antibody system between the donor and the patient can lead to severe complications such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This study aims to investigate the use of Rh antigen testing combined with the ABO blood grouping system in the transfusion therapy of patients with hematologic disorders. Methods: A total of 160 cases of blood disease patients requiring blood transfusion treatment were admitted to the First Hospital of Jiaxing between January and December 2021. They were randomly divided into two groups (n = 80). The control group received direct transfusion after routine testing matched with the blood of donors. The observation group used the Rh blood group antigen test card to detect Rh blood group system D, C, c, E and e antigens. The blood of donors with the same type of antigens was then selected for transfusion after cross-matching. The study compared the irregular antibody positivity rate, distribution of irregular positive antibodies, antibody potency change, the success rate of blood matching, hemoglobin (Hb), red cell hematocrit (HCT) before and after transfusion, and the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Results: The rate of irregular antibody positivity in the observation group (1.25%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.00%) (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of irregular positive antibodies was anti-E, at 37.50% in the control group. The success rate of blood matching was 97.50% in the observation group and 90.00% in the control group, which was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). HCT and Hb after blood transfusion were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (1.25%) was lower than in the control group (11.25%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Rh combined with ABO blood group system antigen testing before blood transfusion therapy in patients with hematologic diseases may effectively improve the success rate of blood matching. Additionally, homotypic blood transfusion can help improve HCT and Hb, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and provide a high degree of safety.