Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management

Xiaoyi Gu, Lemeng Sun, Lingling Zhao, Jiuwei Cui

Article ID: 7878
Vol 38, Issue 3, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23812/j.biol.regul.homeost.agents.20243803.147
Received: 20 March 2024; Accepted: 20 March 2024; Available online: 20 March 2024; Issue release: 20 March 2024

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has recently demonstrated promising outcomes for patients with malignant hematologic disorders. However, a significant number of these patients undergoing CAR-T cell therapy often present with symptoms of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), a common reason for their hospitalization and need for intensive care, thereby impacting the broader application of this therapy. The early detection of neurological symptoms, identification of specific biomarkers, and effective handling of ICANS are crucial for optimizing the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. This review delves into the underlying mechanisms of ICANS, the initial recognition of its clinical indicators, and the strategies for its clinical management.


Keywords

CAR-T;immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS);neurotoxicity;clinical features;clinical management


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