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Phytochemical Profiling and Synthesis of Fernandoa Adenophylla Syrup and its Evaluation in Multiple Biological Activities
Vol 38, Issue 2, 2024
Abstract
Background: The adverse effects of synthetic drugs have led to a rising interest in natural alternatives globally. In Pakistan, rural areas heavily rely on plant-based treatments for 80% of healthcare needs. Fernandoa adenophylla (F. adenophylla), a woody plant native to South Asia, possesses antimicrobial properties and has been traditionally used for various ailments. This research aims to formulate a syrup from F. adenophylla hydromethanolic leaf extracts, leveraging its antioxidant properties. The study follows United States Pharmacopeia guidelines to assess the potential anti-emetic properties of the syrup as an alternative to synthetic drugs, with a specific focus on emesis in female Albino Mice. Methods: By the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines, we meticulously prepared a simple syrup and a decoction. The syrup was formulated by blending the decoction and simple syrup in a 1:5 ratio supplemented with 0.2% Methyl Paraben and rose oil. Antibacterial activity was assessed using urine samples, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined with ten antibiotics. The syrups antibacterial and antifungal properties were evaluated through well diffusion assays. The insecticidal activity was tested on Tenebrio molitor and Dermetes ladies insects. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and antiemetic effects were investigated in Albino female mice with castor oil-induced emesis. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (p < 0.05). Results: Our findings revealed noteworthy antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition observed against V. cholera (32 mm). Additionally, the syrup demonstrated substantial antifungal activity, particularly against Rhizopus spp. (21 mm). Impressively, the syrup exhibited robust insecticidal properties, causing mortality rates of 80% in Tenebrio molitor and 70% in Dermetes ladarius. Conclusion: The investigation of F. adenophylla leaf extract revealed the presence of potential antimicrobial compounds, which hold promise for treating various microbial infections. Phytochemical screening unveiled the presence of essential bioactive constituents such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and reducing sugars in the F. adenophylla leaf extract. Moreover, the study suggests that the plant-based syrup derived from F. adenophylla may possess valuable antioxidant properties, making it a candidate for exploration in the realm of therapies targeting oxidative stress-related health conditions.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Saqib Ishaq, Asad Ullah, Aqdas Zoreen, Haseen Ullah Shah, Sajjad Ahmad, Sadiq Azam, Amjad Khan, Sidra Farooq, Moona Nazish, Muhammad Kaleem, Reem A. Aljeidi, Dunia A Al Farraj, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Sarah Abdul Razak, Asif Kamal
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Medical Genetics, University of Torino Medical School, Italy

Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy