The Emerging Trend of Phytochemicals and Nutraceuticals-Based Traditional Medicines and Their Role in Chronic Disease Management

Abstract

Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity are increasingly prevalent and well-researched. The use of traditional medicinal plants may lead to the discovery of new and potent medicinal compounds (phytochemicals) for treating various ailments. Modern medicine currently uses over 7000 phytochemicals, many of which have been utilized for generations by traditional healers. Medicinal plant products have a global market value of over $100 billion annually. Phytochemicals are compounds that are derived from plants and are rich in nutrients. They are often used for medicinal purposes. They are mostly secondary metabolites that can provide nutritional elements and promote long-term health outcomes. Phytochemicals found in herbs, nuts, legumes, grains, fruits, and vegetables include alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, resins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, pigments, and natural antioxidants that may play a role in managing chronic diseases. These nutritional phytochemicals are encapsulated in various dosage forms and are designated as nutraceuticals. Natural plant diets, nutraceuticals, and nutritional treatments have gained a lot of attention for their potential to improve health and combat ailments. Further research is required to determine the safety, efficacy, and toxicity of plant-derived phytochemicals and nutraceuticals used to treat chronic diseases and meet nutritional needs. This review presents valuable information on the use of phytochemicals and nutraceuticals for treating cancer, autoimmune inflammatory disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and obesity. It explains the potential ways in which these natural compounds can provide therapeutic benefits in managing chronic illnesses and provides data on their safety and toxicity.