Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Sevoflurane in Anesthesia on Immune Function and Stress Response in Patients Undergoing Artificial Hip Replacement

Abstract

Background: Dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane are anesthetics widely used in clinical practice, but the effect of their combined application on artificial hip replacement is not clear. This study explored and analyzed the effects of this program on the immune function and stress response of patients, in order to provide more directions for the formulation and selection of anesthetic plans. Methods: The study selected the medical records of 160 patients undergoing artificial hip replacement in our hospital from November 2020 to November 2022 for retrospective analysis. According to the different anesthetic plans, the patients were divided into the study group (SG, 83 patients receiving dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane in anesthesia) and the reference group (RG, 77 patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia) to compare the immune function indexes, anesthesia monitoring indexes, postoperative recovery indexes, stress response indexes, and postoperative complications between the two groups. Results: The SG had lower heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure at extubation (T1) and 30 min after extubation (T2) than the RG (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in respiratory rate and pulse blood oxygen saturation (p > 0.05). The SG had distinctly lower postoperative awakening time and hospitalization time than the RG (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the activities of daily living scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). The SG had remarkably higher levels of serum immunoglobulin, CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ than the RG after surgery (p < 0.05). In contrast, the SG had notably lower levels of HR, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol than the RG (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane is an efficient and safe anesthetic scheme for artificial hip replacement. It not only has little effect on the immune function of patients but also can reduce the stress response of the human body, providing strong support for a smooth surgical procedure.