The Role of Ashwagandha in Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Traditional Knowledge and Recent Research Findings

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes. Although conventional drugs have been used to treat MetS and its associated complications, they are often linked with undesirable side effects. Consequently, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies as potential alternatives. Among these remedies is Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, a revered medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda due to its numerous health-promoting properties. Withanolides, such as withaferin-A and withanolid-D, are the primary active compounds in W. somnifera and suggested to play a pivotal role in managing MetS. Moreover, Ashwagandha exhibits hypotensive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties, influencing multiple molecular and cellular pathways associated with MetS. W. somnifera has been demonstrated its potential to considerably reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation, as well as lower levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the latest research findings on the preventive potential of W. somnifera against MetS. Furthermore, recent studies on Ashwagandha highlight the need for additional clinical trials to evaluate its optimal dosage, safety profile, efficacy, and precise mechanisms of action.