The Application of the Transcervical Approach in the Surgical Management of Thyroid Tumor

Abstract

Background: Clinical evidence suggests that most thyroid diseases require surgical intervention for effective treatment. However, traditional open thyroid surgery often leads to conspicuous trauma, which can result in unacceptable aesthetic concerns for patients. As an alternative to traditional surgical methods, the transcervical approach significantly enhances the surgery process and improves patients post-operative quality of life. This study aims to highlight the advantages of utilizing the transcervical approach for thyroid tumor surgical procedures. Methods: We analyzed clinical data from both surgical techniques and formulated a risk model for thyroid tumors. This model was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression analytical methods. We established a thyroid tumor-related nomogram and validated the model using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and calibration curves. Results: Our research compared two types of thyroid surgery: traditional and transcervical approaches. The traditional method works well for patients with larger tumors and usually involves less bleeding during the operation. On the other hand, the transcervical approach is quicker and leads to better outcomes after the surgery. Also, it achieves similar surgical results as the traditional method. To sum up, the transcervical approach is often better than traditional thyroid surgery. Conclusions: The model was validated using ROC and calibration curves, demonstrating a satisfactory level of discrimination and calibration. This validated model enables swift differentiation between the two types of surgeries. The findings indicate that the transcervical approach is more suitable than traditional surgical techniques for treating thyroid tumors.