Clinical Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Endovascular Interventional Therapy in the Treatment of Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome Complicated with Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis of Lower Limbs

Abstract

Objective: Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) encompasses a series of venous system diseases that stem from the compression of the left common iliac vein by the right iliac artery. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety profile of endovascular interventional therapy in the treatment of IVCS complicated with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs. Methods: Participants were enrolled using a pre-designed inclusion criteria and randomly assigned into study group and control group using random serial numbers and the order of patient inclusion. Participants in the control group received anticoagulation and urokinase thrombolytic therapy whereas those in the study group were administered with endovascular interventional therapy. Following the treatments, the clinical efficacy, thrombus clearance rate, improvement rate of venous patency and detumescence rate of affected limbs were compared between the two groups. In addition, the occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded, while the factors influencing the degree of venous patency following treatment were analyzed. Results: The clinical efficacy of endovascular interventional therapy was 96.77%. The anticoagulation and urokinase thrombolytic therapy was 85.48%, so the efficacy was significantly higher in the study group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In both the study group and the control group, the thrombus clearance rates for grade III were 83.87% and 62.90%, respectively. For grade II, the clearance rates were 14.52% and 20.97%, while for grade I, they were 1.61% and 16.13%, respectively. Moreover, the study group exhibited a venous patency improvement rate of 88.71%, whereas the control group had a rate of 69.35%. The removal rates of the thrombus in thigh and shank were 87.10% and 82.26% respectively for the study group, whereas the rates were 69.35% and 64.52%, respectively, in the control group. Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of thrombus clearance rate, improvement rate of venous patency and detumescence rate of affected limbs (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 6.45%, which was significantly lower compared with that of the control group (20.97%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endovascular interventional therapy for IVCS with acute DVT of lower limbs is a safe and effective prevention modality. It significantly promotes thrombus clearance, improves venous patency and reduces swelling in the affected limbs.