Analysis of Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to find the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and establish a prediction model. Methods: From August 2021 to December 2022, 210 pregnant women who registered in and provided information to the Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were enrolled and classified into the GDM group (n = 162) and the non-GDM group (n = 48). The clinical data of these pregnant women were collected. The biochemical biomarkers were also detected. The risk factors for GDM were determined using logistic regression analysis. The prediction model was established and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: There were more pregnant women with an education level above junior college in the non-GDM group than the GDM group (p < 0.05). The GDM group was significantly higher than non-GDM group in pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), family history of hypertension, increase of body mass during the first trimester, family history of diabetes, the positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), history of macrosomia, history of GDM, history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), as well as free thyroxine 3 (FT3), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting serum insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the education level, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, history of macrosomia, history of GDM, TPOAb (+), and the levels of FT3, HbA1c, and Hb (p < 0.05) were the risk factors for GDM. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the pre-pregnancy BMI, education level, family history of hypertension or diabetes, TPOAb (+), history of macrosomia or GDM, FT3, HbA1c, and Hb levels were associated with GDM, which may be helpful for predicting GDM.