Biological Assessment of Phytoestrogen Bionic Coating on Cells Proliferation and Differentiation: A Promising Material Promoting Osteointegration

Abstract

Purpose: How to reliably promote osseointegration has long been a research hot spot. The study aims to find a promising novel way to promote osteointegration. We proposed the construction of different kinds of phytoestrogen biomimetic coatings with different concentrations of phytoestrogens on titanium surfaces using the layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL) technology to evaluate the effects on mouse preosteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Methods: We proposed the construction of three kinds of phytoestrogen biomimetic coatings (the puerarin group, the genistein group and the daidzein group) with four concentrations of phytoestrogens (1 × 10^-5 mol/L, 1 × 10^-6 mol/L, 1 × 10^-7 mol/L and 1 × 10^-8 mol/L) on titanium surfaces using layer-by-layer self-assembly technology to evaluate effects on mouse preosteoblast proliferation and differentiation, the Blank Group and the Coating Group as a control. In addition, the proliferation and differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts and expression of osteogenesis-related genes in mouse preosteoblasts were also assessed. Results: Under field emission scanning electron microscopy, the small undissolved phytoestrogen particles indicated that the plant hormones were assembled successfully on the titanium surface. Regardless of the absorbance values of each group or the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of alpha1 (I) collagen (Colla1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)-2, the ability of the phytoestrogen bionic coating to promote the proliferation of mouse preosteoblasts was stronger than that in the blank group or the coating group. Additionally, all three plant hormones contributed to osseointegration using layer self-assembly technology, and the peak concentration for the intervention was 1 × 10^-6 mol/L. Conclusions: We have successfully incorporated phytoestrogen on the surface of titanium using the LBL technology with a promising novel strategy for promoting osteointegration.