HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PSEUDOTUMOR AFTER SMALL HEAD DIAMETER METAL-ON-METAL TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

Abstract

The pathologic aspects of periprosthetic tissues in failed second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) resurfacing hip arthroplasties have been widely described in terms of necrosis and inflammation. To our knowledge little data are reported on the association of this lesion with the use of small head diameter (less than 32 mm). In this study we present a small series of pseudo-tumor in small head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty focusing our attention on the histologic aspects of the harvested pathologic tissue. The histological examination of our cases showed a presence of lymphocytic infiltrate suggesting a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to metal of type IV (ALVAL) but different to each other in terms of the prevalence of the cellular component. If macrophages are predominant, the pathogenetic mechanism seems to be the reaction against metallic particle. On the other hand, if granulocytes are predominant, it is possible to consider a hypersensitivity reaction. Our observation suggests that the evidence of Pseudotumor in case of small-head metal-on-metal arthroplasty should be considered with the same properties of big-head and therefore these patients should be followed scrupulously.