Experimental analysis of the influence of cortical bone layers and bone quantity on implant primary stability


Article ID: 5565
Vol 34, Issue 6S3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/jbrha5565
Received: 8 January 2021; Accepted: 8 January 2021; Available online: 8 January 2021; Issue release: 8 January 2021

Abstract

The systematic analysis of parameters impacting implant primary stability is difficult to achieve with human cadavers or animal models, particularly for complex trans-sinus procedures to determine the effects of cortical layers and bone engagement on implant stability before and after a simulated load in vitro. Solid rigid polyurethane blocks, partially intersected by an 8-mm-thick space, were created to imitate tri-cortical situations, the presence of the sinus cavity, and the posterior maxilla with different degrees of bone atrophy. Implants were inserted through the cavity at an angle of 30˚ (scenarios 1 and 2) to imitate the clinical protocol. Controls simulating uni-cortical anchorage and no sinus cavity were also included (controls 1 and 2). Four parameters were measured: peak insertion torque, insertion work, resistance to lateral bending loads and extraction torque. Scenarios 1 and 2 displayed similar peak insertion torque to control 2, where all three groups anchored equal amounts of bone surrogate. The distribution of surrogate bone in contact with trans-cavity implants influenced both extraction torque and the degree of lateral bending. Sufficient peak insertion torque can be attained with a trans-sinus tricortical implant anchorage providing sufficient apical and coronal bone is engaged.


Keywords

Anatomic models;dental implants;insertion torque;maxillary sinus;tri-cortical anchorage;tilted fixtures


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