Abstract Academics and businesses alike are presently fixated on the Sixth Generation (6G) network, which is seen as the telecom industry’s next major game-changer. The 6G architecture has not been finalized and is not yet being used in commercial settings. Research and development for 6G is still in its early stages. Several important features and technologies have surfaced as possible 6G system underpinnings, while development is still in its early phases. To facilitate the next generation of 3D modeling applications, this article suggests a new 6G cellular communication architecture. Aware of 6G’s revolutionary potential, we investigate its fundamental features to build a collaborative, real-time 3D modeling environment with unmatched capabilities. The goal of this project is to design the architecture for the next generation of communications systems. This will incorporate elements from two existing designs: the Decoupled RAN design, which improves security and smooth data sorting, and the high-level design, which incorporates numerous protocols inside the antenna for stringent protection. Lastly, we delve into the possible sector-specific disruptions caused by this design and examine its wider implications for the future of 3D modeling. We hope that by introducing this new 6G architecture, we may inspire more study and development towards a day when 6G technology completely changes the game when it comes to 3D modeling.

Abstract Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is a booming technology with a future perspective and does have a huge S potential to transfigure warfare and enable up to date civilian applications. It furthermore matures in a technological way as to be impinged into the civil society. In 2010, the importance of scientific applications in the respective field was demonstrated by DOD in the contemporary years. In recent years, UAS has played an integral role in a number of missions that are public like law enforcement which is local, board surveillance, weather monitoring, wildlife surveys, military training. UAS do force some challenges which are numbered as lacking a pilot which is on-board in order to see and hence avoiding supplemental aircrafts and furthermore, the extensive discrepancy in the missions related to UAS and in order to implement the operations in NextGen time frame impinged in NAS, the capabilities of the respective topic must be communicated. The applications of UAS are numbered as Ariel Mapping and Meteorology, intelligence, remote sensing, surveillance and reconnaissance, environmental monitoring and agriculture, border security, security applications and law enforcement, counter insurgency, electronic attacks, attack strike, communication relay, target identification and designation. Via this survey paper, it can be concluded that UAS is emerging as a valuable and helpful technology having tremendous potential for revolting warfare and enabling new applications w.r.t the UAS field.

Abstract The paper investigates the outage probability (OP) of a cognitive radio-based satellite-ground transmission system. In this configuration, both direct and relay links are activated to facilitate transmission from the primary satellite source to terrestrial users. The primary metric under scrutiny is the outage probability for both the primary and secondary networks. Utilizing the Shadowed-Rician fading model, commonly applied to satellite channels, for the satellite segment, and Nakagami-m fading models for terrestrial channels, we assess the OP by analyzing the expressions for both primary and secondary users. Additionally, we explore the impact of key system parameters on the OP’s performance. Indeed, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and target rate are the main factors affecting the outage behavior of users on the ground. We identify certain conditions necessary to achieve improved performance by controlling key system parameters. Furthermore, this paper provides guidelines for designing cognitive radio (CR) systems in satellite configurations to meet the quality requirements of received signals on the ground. The analysis results are validated through Monte Carlo simulations implemented using MATLAB.