The prompt and precise identification of microorganisms is crucial for successful clinical diagnostics and the prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. Traditional diagnostic methods often suffer from limitations such as extended processing durations, elevated expenses, and the necessity for specialized laboratory equipment. In this research, we propose the development of novel nanostructured biosensors that utilize the distinct characteristics of nanomaterials to improve the accuracy, specificity, and efficiency of identifying pathogens. These biosensors are created with the intention of offering point-of-care testing functionality, thus rendering them appropriate for utilization in a range of clinical settings. The integration of advanced nanotechnology with bioanalytical methods aims to create a reliable system for the real-time identification of bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. This review encompasses the design, fabrication, and testing of the biosensors, along with a comprehensive analysis of their performance in comparison to conventional diagnostic techniques. The results demonstrate the potential of nanostructured biosensors to revolutionize pathogen detection, offering significant improvements in efficiency and accuracy, which are essential for timely medical intervention and public health management.

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