The quality and safety indicators of a new type of multigrain bread using freshly obtained rye malt were studied. Hydrogen peroxide as a safe prooxidation activator and aqueous phytoextracts as natural antioxidants were used for the bioactivation of grain. The choice of phytoextract was made by comparing the antioxidant properties of thyme and oregano obtained with warm (60 ℃) or hot (80 ℃) extraction. The rate of accumulation of organic acids and reducing substances was maximum during malting under the influence of thyme extract (80 ℃). Oregano extracts were used to make rye-textured flour. The paper describes a new method for producing emulsified malt, known as “rye cream”. Unlike other methods, it is proposed to use not dried malt, but freshly obtained rye malt extract. This made it possible to form the adaptogenic properties of the food system, which was evident from the results of the antioxidant activity assessment. This assessment was carried out at different stages of the bread production process. It was shown that at the stage of rye cream production, the oxidation-reduction balance of the food system was shifted towards prooxidants, so the use of phytoextracts with antioxidant properties was necessary. At the dough production stage, the balance changed in the opposite direction, and antioxidants began to dominate the food system as functional nutritional components. Multigrain bread had antioxidant activity twice as high as the standard (Borodinsky bread) and had better characteristics compared to two analogues. Under the influence of multigrain bread, the production of free radicals was inhibited more gently than under the influence of rye bread “BIO”. Another analogue, Fitness bread, had the properties of a strong prooxidant, not an antioxidant. According to the results of an objective assessment in independent laboratories, multigrain bread with rye cream met regulatory requirements for quality and safety, which was confirmed by the results of physicochemical and microbiological analysis.

In this study, a bacterial protein-coated nanoparticle system is modified as a new biosorbent. Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacterial proteins are collected, and successfully coated onto zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The new biosorbents are combined between the attractive surface properties of the nanoparticles and the adsorbed protein corona. ZnONPs, ZnONPs/E. coli, and ZnONPs/S. aureus were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies analysis. The Bradford method was used to ensure the presence of protein corona on the modified surface. The addition of bacterial proteins to the surface of the ZnONPs alters its activity through modifications of its size, shape, surface charge, and other characteristics. The improvement of the functional groups and surface charge of the modified biosorbents makes it more efficient for the removal of dyes. ZnONPs, ZnONPs/E. coli, and ZnONPs/S. aureus were used for the removal of trypan blue (TB) dye from contaminated wastewater. The TB dye was completely removed (98%–100%) using ZnONPs/E. coli, and ZnONPs/S. aureus within 25–30 min, whether in the dark or light conditions, over a wide pH range (5–9). The negative values of ∆G showed the spontaneous nature of the removal process. The ∆H values confirmed an endothermic removal in the dark and an exothermic removal in the light. ZnONPs/E. coli, and ZnONPs/S. aureus were applied for the removal of TB dye from real wastewater samples, and their efficiencies were proven. The average removal rate of TB dye using ZnONPs E. coli, and ZnONPs/S. aureus was 92 % which is more efficient than that of ZnONPs (87 %), and the average value of RSD% was 1.7 % (n = 5).

Impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and pharmaceutical drug products (DPs) lead to broader antithetical effects related to drug safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. This review discusses organic, elemental, and inorganic impurities, and residual solvents and stresses their impact on the quality of APIs and pharmaceutical DPs regarding patient safety. It endorses immensely developed contemporary analytical techniques like High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography (GC), for organic impurities and discusses their hyphenated Mass Spectrometry (MS) chromatographic methodologies. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) hyphenated with MS, and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) techniques are discussed for mainly improved sensitivity and accuracy in the detection and identification of elemental and inorganic impurities. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), and ICP-hyphenated techniques alongside automation are among the emerging technologies that are discussed concerning their impending potential to solve intricacies related to complex drug matrices, challenging regulatory requirements, and new impurity profiles. The review underlines the discussion on harmonized global regulations and affordable access to advanced analytical techniques so that wider adoption is facilitated in the pharmaceutical industry. Imminent prospects are Artificial Intelligence (AI) incorporation, Machine Learning (ML), and green analytical methodologies to overcome the present confinements and to cater to the growing demands of the progressive pharmaceutical sector. This in-depth analysis is intended to help pharmaceutical stakeholders embrace novel impurity management approaches resulting in significantly enhanced drug quality and better healthcare outcomes on a global scale.