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ICP-AES analysis of inorganic elements in Carthami Flos from various geographic locations
Vol 1, Issue 1, 2020
Issue release: 31 December 2020
VIEWS - 3276 (Abstract)
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Abstract
Using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), 28 inorganic elements were analyzed in 40 batches of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) samples, which are the dried tubular flowers, from Anhui, Gansu, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. The results revealed the following: Among the heavy metals, copper (Cu) had the highest concentration across all 40 batches of safflower samples, with mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) also being relatively high. Safflower samples from Yunnan had significantly higher Hg levels compared to those from other provinces. The levels of Pb and Cu among samples from different provinces were generally not significantly different, while arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) levels were either low or undetectable. Among the major elements, potassium (K) had the highest concentration, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) were lower, and sodium (Na) had the lowest concentration. Safflower samples from Gansu had significantly higher Na and Mg concentrations, and samples from Yunnan and Xinjiang had higher P levels compared to those from other provinces. Safflower samples from Yunnan had significantly lower K levels compared to samples from other provinces, and there were no significant differences in K levels among samples from the other provinces. In the case of essential trace elements, iron (Fe) and boron (B) were relatively high, while nickel (Ni) was the lowest. Safflower samples from Xinjiang and Gansu had higher chromium (Cr) levels, and samples from Gansu had the highest levels of manganese (Mn), Fe, Ni, and strontium (Sr), while samples from Anhui had the highest levels of Zn and B. Conversely, samples from Jiangsu had the lowest levels of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni; Gansu samples had the lowest Zn levels; and Yunnan samples had the lowest Sr and B levels. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that safflower samples from the same province tended to cluster together. Specifically, samples from Anhui and Jiangsu clustered closely, samples from Gansu and Xinjiang were relatively close, and samples from Yunnan were more distanced from those of other provinces. This study established a rapid and accurate method for determining the inorganic element content in safflower, and the results indicated notable differences in inorganic element content among safflower samples from different origins.
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Prof. Sivanesan Subramanian
Anna University, India
Prof. Pascal Lorenz
University of Haute Alsace, France
Dortmund University of Technology, Germany.
Interests: Mass spectrometry, Molecular Structural Analysis, Methodology; Application; Biological, Environmental and Food samples.
