Asia Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd. (APACSCI) specializes in international journal publishing. APACSCI adopts the open access publishing model and provides an important communication bridge for academic groups whose interest fields include engineering, technology, medicine, computer, mathematics, agriculture and forestry, and environment.
Business and Management Theory and Practice(BMTP)is an international academic journal dedicated to the exploration and dissemination of research in the fields of business and management. As an open access journal, it aims to provide a platform for scholars and practitioners to share innovative ideas, empirical studies, and theoretical advancements that contribute to the understanding of business practices and management theories.
The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, and case studies that address contemporary issues and challenges in business and management. It encourages submissions from various disciplines, including but not limited to organizational behavior, strategic management, marketing, human resource management, and entrepreneurship.
Focus and Scope
Business and Management Theory and Practice (BMTP) is an international academic journal dedicated to the exploration and dissemination of research in the fields of business and management. As an open access journal, it aims to provide a platform for scholars and practitioners to share innovative ideas, empirical studies, and theoretical advancements that contribute to the understanding of business practices and management theories.
The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, and case studies that address contemporary issues and challenges in business and management. It encourages submissions from various disciplines, including but not limited to organizational behavior, strategic management, marketing, human resource management, and entrepreneurship.
By adopting an open access model, Business and Management Theory and Practice (BMTP) ensures that all published articles are freely available to the global research community and the public. This approach promotes wider dissemination of knowledge, fosters collaboration among researchers, and enhances the visibility of authors' work.
The editorial board comprises experts from diverse academic backgrounds, ensuring rigorous peer review and high-quality publications. The journal is committed to maintaining academic integrity and advancing the field of business and management through innovative research and practical insights.
For Authors
APACSCI upholds the spirit of strict adherence to high ethical standards. This is consistent with APACSCI's mission of publishing high-quality articles and promoting open scientific exchanges globally. APACSCI follows the Ethical Oversight Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in overseeing the publication process, as well as the activities of APACSCI journals, editors, and reviewers.
APACSCI and all the editors adhere to the following guidelines:
APACSCI is committed to protecting the privacy of its contributors and promises not to disclose personal information to third parties without permission, unless for necessary purposes of the publishing process or required by law.
Complaints and appeals
APACSCI takes allegations of misconduct (refer to the Misconduct Policy for more details) seriously and will launch an immediate investigation by a group of investigation members. Decisions will be made by the investigation group based on clear evidence, and the authors will be informed. If there is any appeal against the decision, it must be made to the publisher within 14 days of the decision date, or else actions will be taken after 14 days. The decision on the appeal is final.
Authors also could express complaints and concerns about delays, extensions, and unreasonable handling procedures during the editing process and the time it takes. The editor-in-chief will be accountable for initiating an investigation into the issue, and the complainant will receive feedback. Reasonable editing procedures will be enhanced.
Any complaints and appeals against APACSCI journals and editors can be directed to the publisher at editorial_office@apacsci.com, and APACSCI follows COPE guidelines in handling all complaints and appeals.
Research Involving Human Subjects
Authors who carry out research involving humans must declare that their studies followed the WMA Declaration of Helsinki. They must obtain approval from the concerned research ethics committee before carrying out the research and accept the monitoring by the committee. During the submission stage, authors are required to attach a statement containing the name of the ethics committee, the approval code, etc.
Informed consent to participate in the research must be obtained from all human subjects or their guardians. A statement on the consent to participate should also be included during submission. If there is no need for informed consent, authors must provide the name of the ethics committee and the reason for the absence of the need for informed consent.
Human subjects' right to privacy right is inviolable. Authors should not disclose any identifying information, including but not limited to names, initials, contacts, and medical record numbers, unless the absence of such information may influence the interpretation of the research. In addition, written informed consent for publication from the participants should be obtained. If participants are vulnerable, informed consent should be given by their guardians. Authors must inform the participants if pictures of their bodies (e.g., faces) have to be included in the manuscript and receive consent for publication. In the case of deceased human subjects, their next of kin or legal representative should be asked for consent.
Research Involving Animal Subjects
All studies involving animals should be approved by an ethics committee before the research is conducted. If ethical approval is not required by national laws, exemption from the ethics committee, the name of the ethics committee, and the reason should be provided by the authors during submission.
The following guidelines can be helpful for authors in upholding high ethical standards and avoiding submission rejection
Authors should read the "Author Guidelines" before making a submission, and make sure that the manuscripts were written in accordance to the style and specifications of the journal's policy.
All manuscripts submitted to Business and Management Theory and Practice are subject to rigorous peer review. Prior to the peer review process, the manuscripts will be screened for acceptable English language, novelty and relevance to the Focus and Scope of the journal.
Any manuscripts submitted to Business and Management Theory and Practice will be treated as confidential materials. The manuscripts will not be disclosed to anyone except individuals such as editorial staff, reviewers and editors who participate in the initial screening, review, processing and preparation of the manuscript for publication (if accepted).
A manuscript would not be accepted if it has been published or is currently under consideration for publication in any other journals. The authors are required to notify the editorial team if the findings and data in their submissions have been presented in conferences.
Authors are required to declare any potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial) during the submission stage. Any agreements with study sponsors (for-profit or non-profit), such as those that interfere with the authors' access to the study's data or with the authors' ability to analyze or interpret the data and to publish manuscripts independently according to their own decision, should be avoided by authors at all costs.
APACSCI also requires reviewers and editors to declare any (potential) non-financial conflicts of interest and declare any unpaid roles or relations that may influence the decision on the manuscript's publication before acknowledging the assigned request. These include, but are not limited to, unpaid roles in a governmental or non-governmental organization, unpaid roles in an advocacy or lobbying organization, and unpaid advisory positions in a commercial organization.
In addition, reviewers and editors must disclose any association that poses a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript, including but not limited to those interferes with, or could reasonably be perceived as interfering with, the full and objective presentation, peer review, editorial decision-making, or publication of research or non-research articles submitted to a journal. Examples are personal or work-related relationships with one of the authors or the reviewer is on the authors' avoidance list.
Following COPE guidelines, APACSCI will not accept any misconduct behaviors that may mislead researchers.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is not acceptable. Using the content from one's own previously published articles without proper citation is also considered plagiarism. APACSCI adopts Crossref Similarity Check (powered by iThenticate) for checking the originality of submissions. Manuscripts with a high similarity index may be rejected.
Fabrication and falsification
Fabrication and falsification of data or images will mislead researchers. APACSCI strongly opposes such practices and will reject suspicious submissions.
Duplicate submission
Duplicate submission of a manuscript that has been published or submitted to other journals at the same time will not be considered.
Manipulation
Peer review manipulation is expressly forbidden. In particular, peer review manipulation by editors involves ethical issues, and when detected or complained about, editors are dealt with seriously and are subject to dismissal.
Eliminate excessive manipulative citation included in the peer review process by reviewers. Reviewers are encouraged to suggest that authors add references that are necessary and constructive to the research. Reviewers' own articles that do not contribute to the scholarly content of the author's work must not be oversold for the sole purpose of inflating the number of citations to the reviewer's own article.
Authors are prohibited from over-citing their own previously published articles. The journal's editorial board will determine self-citation thresholds, which authors must strictly adhere to in order to eliminate any suspicion of citation manipulation.
Editors will be involved in the journal management process to detect citation manipulations from authors or reviewers.
As behaviors above are illegal academic and very unethical, the Publisher will deal with it seriously. If any misconduct action is verified, authors and their institutions will be informed, and all the journals of the Publisher will not receive any new submission from these authors and their institutions in three years. If the allegations are disputable, their institutes are responsible to cooperate with the journal in investigating allegations.
If there are any suspicious allegations of the processing of articles especially the peer review process, referring to For Reviewers, the Editor-in-Chief will receive the complaint, and an investigation group will be formed to investigate the entire process, including the reviewers, editors, and staff who are involved. The journal will follow the procedures described in COPE and Publishing Ethics for handling allegations of misconduct.
Correction
Authors are responsible for approving the final version of their manuscript and they should avoid any errors prior to publishing. In the case of errors that occur in a published article and have no influence on research results, APACSCI will issue a correction/erratum.
Authors, readers, and editors are encouraged to report any errors found in published papers. Please contact the editorial office of the particular journal.
Retraction
Based on COPE guidelines, the following conditions can lead to the retraction of a published article:
Unreliable findings
Plagiarism
Published elsewhere without proper attribution to previous sources, disclosure to the editor, permission to republish, or justification
Containing material or data without the authorization for use
Infringement of copyright, violation of privacy, or other legal issues
Unethical research
Dubious peer review processes
Failing to disclose a major competing interest
If any of the above misconduct proved to be true, a retraction notice will be issued with the reason, while the PDF of the retracted article will be watermarked with "Retracted". The journal editors will inform the authors of the retraction.
Paid Article Processing Charges will not be refunded to the authors if retraction occurs.
Withdrawal
Although not encouraged, authors can initiate the withdrawal of their submission before and during the peer review process by providing the reason. However, authors should note that a penalty fee of US$200 will be imposed for the withdrawal of a submission undergoing the peer review process due to the spent efforts on the evaluation of the manuscript by the editors and reviewers. Upon the approval of submission withdrawal, the submission will be removed from the journal's operation system, and the authors be informed.
Accepted articles and articles in press may also be withdrawn due to infringements of professional ethical codes (similar reasons to those for retraction).
The language of all manuscripts must be English (either British or American) and non-English words should be used sparingly. Poor English may lead to article rejection. Authors are encouraged to seek language polishing by a native English speaker or a professional editing service.
APACSCI allows authors to post preprints of the manuscript of their original research articles (limited to only this type of article) on community preprint servers, such as arXiv, bioRxiv, and PeerJ Preprint, prior to or simultaneous with their manuscript submission to APACSCI journals. Authors retain the copyright of the manuscript posted on a preprint server.
Authors should inform the editors of the preprint version of their submitted manuscript in a cover letter, as well as provide any associated accession numbers or DOIs. Revised versions per the result of the peer review process and accepted versions for publication should not be posted on a preprint server.
Upon publication of the article, APACSCI encourages authors to link the article in the preprint server to the journal site, so as to guide readers to access and refer to the final version of the article.
Contributed substantially to the conception or design of the manuscript or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the manuscript; AND
Drafted the manuscript or reviewed it critically for significant intellectual content; AND
Have final approval of the version to be published; AND
Agreed to be responsible for the manuscript in ensuring that problems relating to the accuracy or completeness of any part of the manuscript are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Individuals who do not meet the above four criteria should not be listed as authors but should be acknowledged. All authors are expected to make meaningful contributions to this work. The publisher strictly prohibits false authorships, including those obtained through purchase, and only recognizes genuine contributions. Authors should disclose whether artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of their manuscripts and how they used them. Authors should also report the use of AI for writing assistance in the Acknowledgment section. AI tools should not be used in sections that rely on human intellectual analysis, such as data interpretation and conclusion summarization.
A corresponding author should be marked with "*", and the maximum of corresponding authors is two. A corresponding author serves as a representative of the authors and is responsible for contacting editors and reviewers, e.g., submitting manuscripts, responding to reviews, accepting queries, proofreading galleys, making corrections, etc.
Changes to Authorship
Authorship changes (addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names) should be made before the acceptance of the manuscript. Confirmation from all authors (including existing authors and author(s) to be added and/or removed) should be provided to the editorial office of the journal, together with the reason for such changes. Changes can be made after the approval of the journal. The publisher will deal with any changes or dispute over authorship following the COPE flowcharts of authorship and contributorship.
The opinions, statements, methods, results, and data in APACSCI's published articles are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinions of APACSCI and its editors. APACSCI disclaims responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, or products referred to in the articles or advertisements.
Authors contributing to APACSCI journals retain the copyright.
All articles published by Business and Management Theory and Practiceare licensed under the Creative Commons International Licenses. Without any explicit request from the corresponding author during the submission stage, a paper will be published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) by default. Authors who would like to publish their work under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), they should express their request during the submission stage. Please include the statement below in the "Comments for the Editor column" on the submission page:
The contributors or authors for this submission entitled "[MANUSCRIPT TITLE]", i.e. [NAMES of ALL AUTHORS], have given their consents to alter the Creative Commons License to *CC BY-NC 4.0* under which this submission will be published inBusiness and Management Theory and Practice.
It is the responsibility of authors to obtain permission to reuse material previously published under a more restrictive license from the copyright holder before the submission stage. These may include figures, tables, and schemes.
The publisher requests that this journal only consider advertising applications that are relevant to the contents of the journal, if available.
The publisher (APACSCI) reserves the right to accept or refuse advertising. The Journal Editorial Office will evaluate whether to accept the request.
Advertisements must comply with relevant rules and laws in the country where they will appear.
Advertisements should be legible and advertisers identifiable. Sponsors may not arrange or influence editorial decisions including any content in the journal.
Advertisements must not be misleading or deceptive. Advertising content must not contain indecent, offensive, or sensitive information (such as politics, ethnicity, gender, religion, etc.).
APACSCI disclaims responsibility for any damages resulting from advertisements in its journals. The publisher or journal does not accept advertisements for products or services known to be harmful to health/science or contrary to academic principles.
Unless the advertiser requests differently, all advertisements posted by the publisher will be displayed at random. Special requests need to be addressed to the publisher, who will make a final decision on a case-by-case basis within 7 working days.
Advertising is independent, with journal web features and academic content free from all advertising and product interference.
Once an advertisement is posted online, it will be removed from the journal's website at any time if the Editor-in-Chief or publisher requests that it be removed.
APACSCI's publishing model is open access. Open access enables readers to freely access and download articles immediately after publication online. APACSCI charges authors article processing charges (APCs) so as to cover operation costs, such as those arising from the evaluation and production processes. APCs should be paid upon the acceptance of articles and ahead of publication.
APCs of Business and Management Theory and Practiceare USD $800.
Waiver and Discount Policy
APACSCI believes there should be no barriers to the dissemination of knowledge, and thus APACSCI offers APC waivers and discounts to authors from low-income countries and authors with special circumstances. Authors should write to the editorial office of the specific journal to apply for waivers and discounts. The decision to approve such applications is made by the editorial office on a case-by-case basis. Publishing fees or waiver status should not influence editorial decision making.
All the articles published online will be archived in Portico for long-term digital preservation.
Authors are encouraged to self-archive the final version of their published articles into institutional repositories (such as those listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories).
Authors are also encouraged to use the final PDF version published on the website ofBusiness and Management Theory and Practice.
For authors:
Researchers using an Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool/service to directly generate the manuscript text must provide clear disclosures and statements, otherwise it will be considered academic misconduct. The journal allows the use of an AI tool/service for text embellishment and automatic sorting of references, but does not recommend the use of the AI tool/service in the thinking and concluding sessions of human involvement such as data analysis and interpretation, opinion hypothesis and conclusions, and the AI tool/service cannot fulfill the role of a textual author. If any part of the manuscript was written using an AI tool/service, it must be described openly, transparently, and in detail in the Methods or Acknowledgments section, for example:
"In the preparation of this work, the authors used the [name of the specific AI tool/service] to [purpose of use: e.g., literature research/text embellishment, etc.]. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed, and take full responsibility for the content of the publication."
For Reviewers:
Reviewers are required to disclose whether any artificial intelligence (AI) tools were utilized in the preparation of their review reports. This disclosure should be clearly indicated as a note within the reports themselves.
Business and Management Theory and Practice adopts and follows the rules of International System of Units (SI) for physical quantities and units of measurement. For example:
Quantities including time, length, mass, electric current, etc., should be written as s (second), m (metre), kg (kilogram), A (ampere) after metric numbers.
Adopt unified format for the same unit of measurement.
According to the data and reproducibility of COPE, APACSCI encourages authors to share associated data, code, and materials, register clinical trials, and use standardized guidelines to achieve greater transparency, replicability, and trust in scientific findings. Thus, authors are encouraged to deposit datasets in a data repository; the premise is that this data is not suitable for submission as online supplementary files. Authors who have deposited raw data in community database repositories are encouraged to include a data availability statement in their manuscript. The statement should provide information about the availability of the research data and any limitations or conditions associated with accessing the data, except for reasonable controls related to human privacy or biosecurity. Reusing scientific data can offer great potential for further scientific and economic development.
Data sharing
For data shared, the FAIR Data Principles should be followed, which guides that (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and eternally persistent identifier. Authors should cite the correct sources. Collaborative practices should be implemented across journals and institutions to monitor and ensure the scientific validity and credibility of overall research practices. Authors are encouraged to prioritize the use of original data from their study and provide supporting data such as accessible data sources as early as possible.
Regarding data involving confidentiality/privacy/personal privacy, etc., authors are advised to do their best to hide identifiable sensitive information and to share data in strict accordance with mandatory guidelines for the discipline.
According to the guidelines of COPE regarding unpublished data, the journal will address concerns to the data provider regarding the scientific rigor of an unpublished dataset. The journal will contact the corresponding author, and request comments on the concerns, supporting documentation as needed, and information about any other affected content. Following the guidelines regarding published data, if there is a manuscript associated with a published dataset whose scientific rigor is in doubt, the journal will contact any implicated journals that have published results from the suspicious dataset, summarizing the issue and actions taken to date. Authors must respond with a satisfactory update. If the issues are major or impact the conclusions of the manuscript, the author(s) should withdraw the manuscript or the journal will reject the submission.
Data citation
Authors are encouraged to cite any datasets deposited in external repositories mentioned in their manuscript in the references. For previously published datasets, authors should cite both the published research article and the source of the dataset itself. Journal editorial staff will check and enforce proper data citation before publication.
Data citations should include the minimum information recommended by DataCite:
1) Author(s)
2) Year of publication/release
3) Title
4) Publisher/repository or archive name
5) Persistent identifier (e.g., DOI)
Data repository
Authors are encouraged to deposit their datasets in the relevant community dataset repository, or a general dataset repository (including any generalist data repository provided by a university, funder or institution for its affiliated researchers) that aligns with the specifications and requirements of their discipline could be selected. The publisher recommends that authors select a repository with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) to ensure that the referenced dataset can be linked to consistently.
Authors could explore online resources for lists of registered data repositories through FAIRsharing.org and re3data.org.
Here are some examples of generalized dataset repositories:
Authors are advised to observe high standards in the aspect of publication ethics. Any plagiarism (fabrication or falsification of data) are strictly unacceptable practices in BMTP, including duplicate publication of the author’s work without proper citation.
Every manuscript submitted for publication is checked for plagiarism via CrossCheck (powered by iThenticate) after submission and before being sent to the editor for editorial review. Any detection of overlapping and similar texts in the manuscripts submitted will be investigated promptly and may lead to the manuscript being rejected.
If the author decides to withdraw an article that has already been submitted to the journal, he/she would be required to pay a penalty fee. Authors are advised to keep in mind that an article should only be withdrawn if the authors detect significant error or flaws, as it is not an acceptable practice to withdraw an article after it has been sent for peer review. The withdrawal process is considered to be complete once the author receives a confirmation of withdrawal from the Journal Editorial Office.
The Business and Management Theory and Practice is committed to ensuring that financial constraints do not present a barrier to knowledge sharing and learning, and thus has developed a waiver policy especially for authors from low- or middle-income countries. Authors who are interested in applying for a waiver may contact the editorial office prior to submitting their article. BMTP reserves the right to approve or reject a waiver application.
Any part of materials published in Business and Management Theory and Practice may not be reproduced without written permission of the publisher. Please click here to write in the permission request.
The authors should carefully check the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript. The Editorial Office considers the authorship list is definitive by the time the original submission is received.
Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript is accepted for publication. The corresponding author should provide the reasons for the change in authorship list and the proof of written confirmation from all authors (including the existing authors, author(s) to be added and/or removed) agreeing with such change, to the Editorial Office.
The requests for authorship changes need to be approved by the Editorial Office before any changes can be made.
1. What is a Special Issue?
A Special Issue Program has been launched by Asia Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd. A Special Issue is a collection of research hotspots or topics in a specific field. Guest Editors who are experts in this discipline, have the responsibility to drive the special issue program. Manuscripts accepted will both be ordered/archived in a regular volume/issue and a special issue.
Benefits of Special Issue
Being more quickly discovered and cited.
Promoting academic exchanges in this field.
Avoiding repetition of topics.
Disseminating the latest achievements.
Broadening the visibility and maximizing the impact of a certain field so that more experts could focus on the topic.
Benefits of being Guest Editors
Expanding the popularity.
Initiating the communication and establishing co-operatives ties faster.
Learning the latest research.
Publishing one article without any APCs as the privilege.
2. How to drive a Special Issue?
There are two ways to obtain a special issue proposal.
Guest Editors will be invited by assistant editors to submit a professional proposal.
Authors and readers are welcomed to submit proposals via emailing to editorial-vfc@apacsci.com, and EiC will evaluate them for the viability and suitability for this journal.
Preparation for a proposal
A great topic is the crucial element for success. Each candidate topic will be selected by EiC for considering whether it is consistent with the scope of this journal. Hot topics are usually considered to be more attractive.
A proposal should include necessary information:
List of Guest Editors
Types of manuscript
Main topics
Submission deadline
Keywords
3. Special Issue Ethics
APACSCI abides to the Code of Conduct of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and Best Practice Guidelines in all the editorial process. Each new submission must follow the journal's Editorial Policies, and any potential unethical manuscripts will not be passed to the nest stage. APACSCI promises to protect the confidentiality of all submissions unless the publishing needs. All the editors and reviewers must strictly abide by the Conflict of Interest of the journal, and they are asked to inform the Editorial Office if any potential conflicts of interest exist, and then, the Editorial Office may consider to change the editor or reviewer. As authors, they have the right to provide a list of avoided experts. Please appeal to editorial-vfc@apacsci.com for any requests related to manuscript promotion.
4. Workflow of a Special Issue
Manuscripts should be submitted to Open Journal Systems (OJS) and go through a double-blinded peer-reviewed process (refer to Peer Review Policy).
For authors:
Researchers using an Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) tool/service to directly generate the manuscript text must provide clear disclosures and statements, otherwise it will be considered academic misconduct. The journal allows the use of an AIGC tool/service for text embellishment and automatic sorting of references, but does not recommend the use of the AIGC tool/service in the thinking and concluding sessions of human involvement such as data analysis and interpretation, opinion hypothesis and conclusions, and the AIGC tool/service cannot fulfill the role of a textual author. If any part of the manuscript was written using an AIGC tool/service, it must be described openly, transparently, and in detail in the Methods or Acknowledgments section, for example:
"In the preparation of this work, the authors used the [name of the specific AIGC tool/service] to [purpose of use: e.g., literature research/text embellishment, etc.]. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed, and take full responsibility for the content of the publication."
For Reviewers:
Reviewers are required to disclose whether any artificial intelligence (AI) tools were utilized in the preparation of their review reports. This disclosure should be clearly indicated as a note within the reports themselves.
Author Guidelines
Before submitting to the journal, authors should read through the author guidelines for preparing their manuscript. Starting in 2024, a new layout style will be applied, so please download the new manuscript template.
Manuscript Format
The manuscript should be in MS Word or LaTeX format. The language of all manuscripts must be English (either British or American) and non-English words should be used sparingly. Poor English may lead to article rejection. Authors are encouraged to seek language polishing by a native English speaker or a professional editing service.
Article Types
Please refer to the Section Policy for choosing an appropriate type.
Cover Letter
Authors should attach a cover letter together with the article text. A cover letter should encompass a declaration of originality, affirm compliance with the journal's editorial policies, and also contain a brief explanation of the significance of their work and the intention of doing the work. If the work involves the human and animal research, authors should provide the Informed Consent Statement or Ethical Approval ID attached with cover letter. The cover letter is confidential and will be read only by the editors. It will not be seen by the reviewers.
Article Title
Titles should be no more than 50 words, with significant and attractive information for readers. Titles should not include uncommon jargons, abbreviations, and punctuation.
List of Authors
The list of authors should be arranged based on the level of their contribution, with the major contributor listed first. Corresponding authors should be marked with an asterisk (*). Affiliation information should be provided with the following elements: department, institution, city, postal code (if available), and country. The email address of at least one corresponding author must be provided. All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree with the submission. For more information about authorship, please refer to our Authorship Policy.
Abstract and Keywords
Depending on the article type, an abstract should be provided, which gives a concise summary of the article. It is usually a single paragraph of about 200–250 words maximum. Between 5–8 keywords should be included. Words and phrases in article titles should be avoided as keywords.
Text
The text of manuscripts should be in MS Word format. Original research articles should include the Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion (optional) sections.
Section Headings
Headings are used to indicate the hierarchy of the sections of the text. No more than three levels of headings should be employed. The first level of heading should be numbered as 1., 2., 3., 4. in boldface. Likewise, the second and third levels of headings should also be in boldface, for example, 1.1., 1.2., 1.1.1., 1.1.2.
Introduction
The introduction should provide a background that gives the broad readership an overall outlook on the field and the research performed. It pinpoints a problem and states the significance of the study. The introduction can conclude with a brief statement on the aim of the work and a comment about whether that aim was achieved.
Materials and Methods
This section provides the general experimental design and methodologies used. The aim is to provide enough details for other investigators to fully replicate the experiments. It is also to facilitate a better understanding of the results obtained.
Results
This section can be divided into subheadings. This section focuses on the results of the experiments performed.
Discussion
This section should provide the significance of the results and identify the impact of the research in a broader context. It should not be redundant or similar to the content of the Results section.
Conclusion (Optional)
The conclusion section can only be used for interpretation, and not be used to summarize information already presented in the text or abstract.
Figures and Tables
Figures (photographs, images, graphs, charts, and schematic diagrams) and tables should be referred to within the main text and numbered consecutively as Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 1, Table 2, etc. They should be placed as close as possible to where they are first cited and center-aligned. Both figure captions and table captions should be center-aligned, with figure captions set underneath the figures and table captions above the tables. When captions are longer than one line, they should be left-aligned.
Figures can contain multiple panels. They should be numbered by Latin letters with parentheses, e.g., (a), (b), (c), or (A), (B), (C), placed below the image or within the image.
Tables should be in MS Word/Excel table format. Tables containing too much information can be provided as supplementary material.
In the main text, all figures and tables should be cited, e.g., "Table 1 indicates…", "Figures 1 and 2 shows…", and "Figure 1a,b shows…".
Lists and Equations
Both bulleted lists and numbered lists are acceptable (refer to the template). Equations should be center-aligned and equation numbers should be right-aligned. If cited in the text, equations should be labeled with numbers in parentheses, e.g., Equation (1).
In-Text Citations
All bibliographical references that make an important contribution to the article should be numbered according to the appearance order. When cited in the text, the number should be placed in square brackets, for example:
Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3,4].
This effect has been widely studied [1–5,7].
Appendix (Optional)
An appendix provides information supplementary to an article and is included at the end of the article after the References section and it should start on a new page. For one appendix, it is designated as "Appendix"; for more than one appendix, they are designated "Appendix A", "Appendix B", etc.
An appendix should be cited in the main text. Tables, figures, and equations should be started with the prefix A (i.e., Figure A1, Figure A2, Table A1, etc.).
Back Matter
The sequence of back matter elements in an article is listed below. There is no numeral label for back matter headings. Some of these elements are optional.
Supplementary materials (Optional)
The Supplementary Materials section provides a short description of the supplementary materials. One or more individual supplementary files are allowed and should be submitted in Step 4 during submission. These materials are relevant to the manuscript but remain non-essential to readers' understanding of the article's main content. Please ensure the names of such files contain "suppl. info". Videos may be included in this section.
Author contributions
For original research articles, this section is required, except when there is only one author for the article. The contribution of each co‐author should be reported in this section.
The following statements should be used "Conceptualization, XX and YY; methodology, XX; software, XX; validation, XX, YY and ZZ; formal analysis, XX; investigation, XX; resources, XX; data curation, XX; writing—original draft preparation, XX; writing—review and editing, XX; visualization, XX; supervision, XX; project administration, XX; funding acquisition, YY. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript."
Funding (Optional)
Authors can acknowledge financial support in this section, which is NOT mandatory. If authors provide a funding statement, it should be in the same style as the template.
For example:
"This research was funded by [name of funder] grant number [xxx]" and "The APC was funded by [XXX]". Please check carefully that the details given are accurate and that the standard spelling of the funding agency's name in https://search.crossref.org/funding is used, as any errors may affect the authors' future funding.
Acknowledgments (Optional)
Authors can acknowledge any support and contribution that cannot be included in the Author Contributions and Funding sections. This section is NOT mandatory.
Conflict of interest
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at overcoming the problems faced by processors of cassava in Nigeria and how important the processing of cassava is to the Nigerian economy. The importance of the cassava processing industry cannot be overemphasized. Apart from providing food security, provision of employment opportunities for the ever-teeming population, it serves as a foreign exchange earner to boost the economy and provide raw materials for industries such as textile, pharmaceutical and alcohol. The roots and leaves of cassava are also source of medicine, it is also used in the production of biofuel. The paper also looked at the myriad of problems associated with the processing operations and delved into the challenges of the cassava processing industry which includes: a lack of basic infrastructural facilities, lack of access to finance the industry, excessive cost of processing equipment, poor market accessibility and limited government support. The paper proffer solutions as ways forward in taking the cassava processing industry in Nigeria to the next level.
Received: 21 October 2024; Accepted: 6 December 2024; Available online: 18 December 2024; Issue release: 30 December 2024
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide scalable solutions based on new technologies in the field of refinery mega projects. Correcting defective structures and providing a new model and mechanism for completing projects in comprehensive and optimal manner may be conducted in terms of time, cost and quality of implementation. To this end, 156 effective factors in delaying Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) projects using field research are identified. Then, based on the knowledge and experience of the project managers and experts in each field, and analyzing their views using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the most effective factors in project deferrals are identified. Also, the main factors of excess costs in EPC are extracted. According to surveys, lake of the following factors lead to project deferrals: real-time communication, integrated information network platform, common and up-to-date databases, online status equipment and sensors, and up-to-date information and regular reports. In many cases, these delays and corresponding surplus costs are so high that they compromise the economic justification of the project in terms of inflation. To solve these problems, the proposed method captures the required information from each refinery segment using sensors and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags mounted on the units and areas and client computers deployed in each refinery segment using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The information is then transferred to central sites and data centers via Nano-satellite platforms. The received information is classified into databases and processed by software packages such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and finally are made accessible for other units. The study also includes the validation of Nano-satellite communications as the core of the proposed solution using Satellite Tool Kit (STK) software. Then the information is processed by business intelligence techniques and the required consultations are provided at three strategic levels: 1) for senior holding managers for decision making at tactical level, 2) for mid-level managers, and 3) at operational level for workshop managers to make the right decision at the right time. Achievements of implementing this solution includes systematic project execution, characterization of project components and executing company processes from start to the end while minimizing the project time and overhead costs, and selecting the best vendors and materials.
Received: 21 October 2024; Accepted: 26 November 2024; Available online: 16 December 2024; Issue release: 30 December 2024
Abstract
In the modern hospitality industry, particularly within the scenic context of Cyprus, digital marketing strategies have become indispensable for achieving competitive success. Cyprus, renowned for its rich cultural heritage and breathtaking landscapes, offers boutique hotels a distinct opportunity to differentiate themselves in a crowded market. As consumers increasingly turn to digital platforms for information and bookings, the effective utilization of digital marketing by these establishments is crucial. The industry’s growing reliance on technology to attract new clients necessitates a strategic approach that not only engages potential customers but also establishes a robust digital brand presence. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative interviews [ n = 12] with hotel managers and digital marketing professionals alongside quantitative surveys [ n = 158] to hotel guests. The aim is to examine the implementation of digital marketing strategies within Cyprus’s boutique hotel sector and evaluate their impact on critical business outcomes, including customer engagement, brand visibility, and overall performance. The research reveals significant regional variations in the adoption and effectiveness of digital marketing strategies among boutique hotels in Cyprus. In tourist hotspots, advanced digital strategies have successfully enhanced brand visibility and increased direct bookings, particularly among younger, tech-savvy customers. Conversely, hotels catering to business customers face challenges in achieving similar digital engagement, often relying on traditional online travel agencies. The study highlights the importance of integrating digital marketing with national branding initiatives and addressing challenges such as regional geopolitical tensions and varying levels of digital literacy. To fully capitalize on digital marketing opportunities, Cypriot boutique hotels should invest in digital training to amplify their reach and increase bookings. An integrated approach that combines social media, and search engine optimization is recommended to maximize online presence, sustainability, and profitability. This comprehensive strategy will enable boutique hotels to navigate the complexities of the digital landscape effectively and achieve growth.
Received: 15 October 2024; Accepted: 25 November 2024; Available online: 28 November 2024; Issue release: Vol 1 No 1
Abstract
This article aims to conduct a comprehensive questionnaire survey and analysis of the current state of express delivery in Longyao, focusing on different population segments. The research evaluates the reliability, validity, and factor analysis of the questionnaire to ensure the data’s accuracy and dependability. Findings have highlighted several critical issues with JD Express in Longyao County, including untimely problem resolution, insufficient logistics feedback, package damage, and low levels of informatization in rural areas. Proposed solutions to these challenges involve enhancing employee training, implementing effective measures to minimize package damage, and optimizing distribution strategies to improve service efficiency. By addressing these areas, the quality of JD Express services can be significantly enhanced. Moreover, the evaluation reveals a complex interplay between modern logistics and the county’s economy, suggesting that both elements can either promote or hinder each other. Systematic analysis and resolution of the identified problems are essential for improving customer satisfaction, which is vital for stimulating the growth of online shopping in rural regions. This research not only provides insights into the current situation of urban express delivery in Longyao but also offers actionable recommendations for stakeholders seeking to enhance service quality and address existing gaps within the logistics framework. Ultimately, the findings underscore the importance of understanding local dynamics in order to foster more efficient and reliable express delivery services that cater to the needs of diverse populations.
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News & Announcements
2024-08-20
BMTP is officially launched
Business and Management Theory and Practice (BMTP) has been officially launched now.Authors should adhere to the editorial and publishing policies of the journal, and prepare manuscripts in accordance with author guidelines.
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