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Asia Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd. (APACSCI) specializes in international journal publishing. APACSCI adopts the open access publishing model and provides an important communication bridge for academic groups whose interest fields include engineering, technology, medicine, computer, mathematics, agriculture and forestry, and environment.
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Administration is an academic field that is showing signs of maturity, with a theoretical and practical mainstream that has been consolidated around Weberian bureaucracy, a management paradigm with numerous examples suggesting that it may be reaching its limits in terms of the new advances it can offer the discipline. On the other hand, the shift to a paradigm that transcends it (while retaining all its virtues) requires not only successful empirical counter-examples, but also a consistent alternative theoretical corpus that gives academics and especially practitioners the confidence to adopt it. In this sense, through “integrative” literature review-based research, the article intends to outline a scholarly narrative that provides concrete theoretical underpinnings to explain, in a systematic and concise manner, why management styles that depart significantly from bureaucratic orthodoxy are stable (i.e., do not diverge towards “chaos and anarchy”), while also proving effective and efficient. As a result of the analysis carried out, an intertwined combination of contributions about alternatives to the classical bureaucratic arrangement is obtained, sourced from studies of different time periods. Thence, based on four conceptual axes (self-actualization, objectives, capabilities and monitoring), the elaboration of a theoretically integrated explanation for the sustainable viability of participatory and horizontal management is achieved. This article’s contribution points towards the future possibility of consolidating novel approaches that virtuously supplant the current bureaucratic mainstream.

Many organizations try to spark innovation by imposing artificial constraints like tight deadlines or hackathons, hoping to replicate the ingenuity born of necessity. Yet research shows these often fall short. This article contrasts “authentic scarcity”, conditions of irreversible consequences and existential urgency, with artificially imposed constraints. Only the former reliably activates the psychological, cultural, and systemic drivers of transformative innovation. Through case studies of Mumbai’s Dharavi slum and Silicon Valley’s frugal innovation labs, we show how real constraints foster resilience and radical problem-solving, while artificial ones yield superficial creativity. We present a strategic framework for leaders to engineer purpose-driven missions with real stakes, collaborate with necessity-driven ecosystems, and cultivate high-stakes leadership. The paper concludes with a theory of authentic scarcity, explaining how genuine constraints uniquely drive breakthrough innovation by triggering focus, cohesion, and urgency, offering crucial insights for innovation management in resource-rich settings.
Sustainability target setting and incentive design: A literature review
Article ID: 3134
Vol 2, Issue 2, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/bmtp3134
Vol 2, Issue 2, 2025
Received: 6 December 2024; Accepted: 10 April 2025; Available online: 11 April 2025; Issue release: 30 June 2025
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Abstract
The integration of sustainability targets and their connection to executive compensation is emerging as a new facet of corporate strategies in response to the low-carbon transition, ESG-driven demands from institutional investors, regulatory mandates, and commitments to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpose of this research is to explore issues related to sustainability target-setting and the associated methodologies. This paper summarizes the prior work on target setting and sustainability targets, and the results from previous studies on the reason and rationality of setting sustainability targets were discussed. It also pointed out the issues in sustainability targets and related incentive design. Based on this, several suggestions are offered to assist companies in developing and setting sustainability targets and goals.
Keywords
sustainability targets; executive compensation; management incentives
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