In our journal Cardiac and Cardiovascular Research, a special issue is calling for papers about cardiac and cardiovascular surgery.

General anesthetics such as ether and chloroform were developed during the middle of the nineteenth century. After that, scientists and doctors began to study techniques to repair heart wounds in animal laboratories. Soon, simple operations in humans for heart wounds were reported. Cardiovascular or cardiac surgery, which is better known as heart surgery, describes surgical procedures involving the heart, or the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart. These procedures are common in patients who suffer from heart disease or have had a heart attack, stroke, or blood clot, as well as individuals who are highly at risk for developing these problems.

In this special issue, we are calling for papers about cardiovascular surgery. The treatments, tests, and therapies for cardiac and cardiovascular diseases in developing countries are particularly welcome. Potential topics are suggested but not limited to: thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, cardiovascular surgery, printed cardiac models, coronary artery surgery study, coronary bypass surgery, history of cardiac surgery, prehospital cardiac arrest surgical coronary revascularization, heart association guidelines cardiac arrest care, heart failure trial sudden cardiac death, heart surgery in different countries, cardiovascular surgery field of medical education, cardiovascular surgery structural heart interventions, inducible ventricular arrhythmias surgical coronary revascularization, long-term survival surgical coronary revascularization, etc.

thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, cardiovascular surgery, printed cardiac models, coronary artery surgery study, coronary bypass surgery, history of cardiac surgery, prehospital cardiac arrest surgical coronary revascularization, heart association guidelines cardiac arrest care, heart failure trial sudden cardiac death, heart surgery in different countries, cardiovascular surgery field of medical education, cardiovascular surgery structural heart interventions, inducible ventricular arrhythmias surgical coronary revascularization, long-term survival surgical coronary revascularization, etc.