Open Journal Systems

Sponge kidney and renal lithiasis

Francisco Rodolfo Spivacow

Article ID: 2044
Vol 3, Issue 1, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/urr.v3i1.2044
VIEWS - 38 (Abstract)

Abstract

Introduction: Sponge kidney is a renal malformation, of the collecting tubules, usually associated with nephrocalcinosis or distal tubular acidosis. The association with renal lithiasis is observed in 4-20%. Objective: The aim of our study was to describe biochemical risk factors for renal lithiasis in patients with sponge kidney. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational, cutoff study was performed between 2000 and 2017 where 37 patients with sponge kidney and renal lithiasis (26 females and 11 males) aged 37.3 ± 13.2 years were studied. The diagnosis of sponge kidney was made by excretory urogram. Results: Nephrocalcinosis was observed in 95%. The most frequent biochemical diagnosis was idiopathic hypercalciuria, which as the only and associated alteration was observed in 59.4%. Hyperuricosuria was the second diagnosis found in 32.4% (sole and associated) followed by hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria and persistently acidic pHu. In men it was noteworthy that 46.2% did not present biochemical alteration. Conclusions: In conclusion, the relatively frequent association of sponge kidney and renal lithiasis stands out. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was the most frequent metabolic alteration as a cause of lithogenesis, followed by hyperuricosuria, similar to that described in the literature, although in a smaller proportion. Other alterations, such as hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria and persistently acidic pHu should also be considered in the study of these patients.

Keywords

sponge kidney; renal lithiasis; biochemical alterations; renal malformations

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